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   Google Scholar
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                display             : none;
            }
            .gs_btn_mnu .gs_icm {
                margin-top          : -3.5px;
                height              : 7px;
                background-position : 0 -110px;
            }
            .gs_in_se.gs_btn_act .gs_icm,.gs_in_se.gs_btn_cre .gs_icm {
                margin-top          : -3.5px;
                height              : 7px;
                background-position : -42px -44px;
                opacity             : 1;
            }
            .gs_btn_act:disabled .gs_icm,.gs_btn_cre:disabled .gs_icm {
                opacity             : .72;
            }
            button.gs_btnG .gs_ico {
                width               : 21px;
                height              : 21px;
                background-position : -92px -253px;
            }
            button .gs_bs {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 50%;
                left                : 50%;
                margin-top          : -10px;
                margin-left         : -10px;
                box-sizing          : border-box;
                width               : 20px;
                height              : 20px;
                border-radius       : 50%;
                border              : 2px solid #eee;
                border-top-color    : #4d90fe;
                visibility          : hidden;
                animation           : gs_anm_spin .8s linear infinite;
            }
            button.gs_bsp .gs_bs {
                visibility          : visible;
                transition          : visibility 0s .4s;
            }
            .gs_md_d {
                text-transform      : none;
                white-space         : nowrap;
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 0;
                left                : 0;
                border              : 1px solid #ccc;
                border-color        : rgba(0,0,0,.2);
                background          : #fff;
                box-shadow          : 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
                z-index             : 1100;
                text-align          : left;
                visibility          : hidden;
                max-height          : 0;
                margin-top          : -1000px;
                opacity             : 0;
                transition          : opacity .13s,visibility 0s .13s,max-height 0s .13s,margin-top 0s .13s;
            }
            .gs_md_d.gs_vis {
                visibility          : visible;
                max-height          : 10000px;
                margin-top          : 0;
                opacity             : 1;
                transition          : all 0s;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_d {
                transform-origin    : 100% 0;
                transform           : scale(1,0);
                transition          : opacity .218s ease-out,transform 0s .218s,visibility 0s .218s,max-height 0s .218s,margin-top 0s .218s;
            }
            .gs_el_ios .gs_md_d {
                -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzi {
                transform-origin    : 50% 50%;
                transform           : scale(0,0);
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_ttzr {
                transform           : scale(0,0);
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_d.gs_vis {
                transform           : scale(1,1);
                transition          : transform .218s ease-out;
            }
            .gs_md_r {
                position            : relative;
                display             : inline-block;
            }
            .gs_md_rmb>.gs_md_d {
                top                 : 29px
            }
            .gs_md_rmbl>.gs_md_d {
                top                 : 41px
            }
            .gs_md_ul {
                list-style-type     : none;
                word-wrap           : break-word;
                display             : inline-block;
                vertical-align      : top;
            }
            .gs_md_ul.gs_md_ul_tb {
                display             : block;
            }
            .gs_md_li,.gs_in_cb.gs_md_li,.gs_md_li:link,.gs_md_li:visited {
                display             : block;
                padding             : 6px 44px 6px 16px;
                font-size           : 13px;
                line-height         : 16px;
                color               : #222;
                cursor              : pointer;
                text-decoration     : none;
                position            : relative;
                z-index             : 0;
            }
            a.gs_md_li:hover .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_li:active .gs_lbl {
                text-decoration     : none
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_li {
                padding-top         : 14px;
                padding-bottom      : 10px;
            }
            .gs_md_li.gs_md_lix {
                font-size           : 16px;
                line-height         : 20px;
                padding             : 12px 16px 8px 16px;
            }
            .gs_md_li:before {
                content             : "";
                background-color    : #f1f1f1;
                position            : absolute;
                left                : 0;
                right               : 0;
                top                 : 0;
                bottom              : 0;
                opacity             : 0;
                transition          : opacity .13s;
                z-index             : -1;
            }
            .gs_md_li:hover:before,.gs_md_li:focus:before {
                opacity             : 1;
                transition          : all 0s;
            }
            a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li .gs_lbl {
                color               : #222
            }
            a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_in_gray .gs_lbl {
                color               : #444
            }
            .gs_md_li:active:before {
                background-color    : #ddd
            }
            .gs_md_li.gs_sel,a.gs_in_ib.gs_md_li.gs_sel .gs_lbl {
                color               : #d14836
            }
            .gs_md_d:focus,.gs_md_li:focus {
                outline             : none
            }
            a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_lix .gs_lbl:not(:empty) {
                padding             : 0 0 0 40px;
            }
            a.gs_in_cb:link,a.gs_in_cb:visited,a.gs_in_cb:active,a.gs_in_cb:hover {
                cursor              : pointer;
                color               : #222;
                text-decoration     : none;
            }
            .gs_in_cb,.gs_in_ra {
                position            : relative;
                line-height         : 16px;
                display             : inline-block;
                -webkit-user-select : none;
                user-select         : none;
            }
            .gs_in_cb.gs_md_li {
                padding             : 6px 44px 6px 16px;
            }
            .gs_in_cb input,.gs_in_ra input {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 1px;
                left                : 1px;
                width               : 15px;
                height              : 15px;
                margin              : 0;
                padding             : 0;
                opacity             : 0;
                z-index             : 2;
            }
            .gs_in_ra input {
                top                 : 0;
                left                : 0
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb input {
                top                 : 9px
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra input {
                top                 : 8px
            }
            .gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj input {
                top                 : 15px;
                left                : 15px
            }
            .gs_in_cb label,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_in_ra label {
                display             : inline-block;
                padding-left        : 21px;
                min-height          : 16px;
            }
            .gs_in_ra_lrge {
                font-size           : 15px;
            }
            .gs_in_cb label:empty:before,.gs_in_cb .gs_lbl:empty:before,.gs_in_ra label:empty:before {
                content             : "​";
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb label,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_lbl,.gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra label {
                padding-top         : 8px;
                padding-bottom      : 5px;
            }
            .gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj label,.gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_lbl {
                padding             : 13px 0 12px 41px;
            }
            .gs_in_cbb,.gs_in_cbb label,.gs_in_cbb .gs_lbl {
                display             : block;
            }
            .gs_in_cb .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx {
                position            : absolute
            }
            .gs_in_cb .gs_cbx {
                top                 : 2px;
                left                : 2px;
                width               : 11px;
                height              : 11px;
                border              : 1px solid #c6c6c6;
                border-radius       : 1px;
            }
            .gs_md_li .gs_cbx {
                top                 : 8px;
                left                : 18px
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_cbx {
                top                 : 10px
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_cbx {
                top                 : 16px
            }
            .gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_cbx {
                top                 : 15px;
                left                : 15px
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_cbx {
                top                 : 8px
            }
            .gs_in_ra .gs_cbx {
                top                 : 0;
                left                : 0;
                border              : 1px solid #c6c6c6;
                width               : 13px;
                height              : 13px;
                border-radius       : 7px;
            }
            .gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:hover .gs_cbx {
                border-color        : #666;
                box-shadow          : inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);
            }
            button.gs_in_cb:hover .gs_cbx {
                border-color        : #c6c6c6;
            }
            .gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_in_ra :focus~label {
                outline             : 1px dotted #222;
                outline             : auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;
            }
            .gs_pfcs .gs_in_cb :focus~label,.gs_pfcs .gs_in_ra :focus~label {
                outline             : none;
            }
            .gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra:active .gs_cbx,.gs_in_cb .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_ra .gs_cbx:active,.gs_in_cb :active~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :active~.gs_cbx {
                border-color        : #666;
                background-color    : #ebebeb;
            }
            button.gs_in_cb:active .gs_cbx {
                border-color        : #a6a6a6;
            }
            .gs_in_cb :disabled~.gs_cbx,.gs_in_ra :disabled~.gs_cbx,button.gs_in_cb:disabled .gs_cbx {
                border-color        : #f1f1f1;
                box-shadow          : none;
            }
            .gs_in_cb :disabled~label,.gs_in_ra :disabled~label {
                color               : #b8b8b8;
            }
            .gs_in_cb.gs_err .gs_cbx {
                border-color        : #eda29b;
            }
            .gs_in_cb .gs_chk,.gs_in_ra .gs_chk {
                position            : absolute;
                z-index             : 1;
                top                 : -3px;
                left                : -2px;
                width               : 21px;
                height              : 21px;
            }
            .gs_md_li .gs_chk {
                top                 : 3px;
                left                : 14px
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_in_cb .gs_chk {
                top                 : 5px
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_li .gs_chk {
                top                 : 11px
            }
            .gs_in_cb.gs_in_cbj .gs_chk {
                top                 : 10px;
                left                : 11px
            }
            .gs_in_ra .gs_chk {
                top                 : 4px;
                left                : 4px;
                width               : 7px;
                height              : 7px;
                border-radius       : 4px;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_in_ra .gs_chk {
                top                 : 12px
            }
            .gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk {
                background          : no-repeat url("/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png") -69px -67px;
                opacity             : .62;
            }
            .gs_in_ra input:checked~.gs_chk {
                background-color    : #666
            }
            .gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk {
                background          : no-repeat url("/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/sprite_20161020.png") -21px -44px;
                opacity             : .55;
            }
            @media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi) {
                .gs_in_cb input:checked~.gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_sel .gs_chk,.gs_in_cb.gs_par .gs_chk {
                    background-image    : url("/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/sprite_20161020.png");
                    background-size     : 169px;
                }
            }
            .gs_in_cb input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk {
                opacity             : .22
            }
            .gs_in_ra input:checked:disabled~.gs_chk {
                background-color    : #f1f1f1
            }
            .gs_md_ac {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 28px;
                left                : 0;
                right               : 0;
                z-index             : 1100;
                white-space         : normal;
                display             : none;
                pointer-events      : none;
            }
            .gs_md_ac[dir="ltr"] {
                text-align          : left;
            }
            .gs_md_ac[dir="rtl"] {
                text-align          : right;
            }
            .gs_md_ac ul {
                list-style-type     : none;
                word-wrap           : break-word;
                line-height         : 1.24;
                border              : 1px solid #e5e5e5;
                border-color        : rgba(0,0,0,.2);
                background          : #fff;
                box-shadow          : 0px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
                touch-action        : manipulation;
                cursor              : pointer;
                -webkit-user-select : none;
                user-select         : none;
                pointer-events      : auto;
            }
            .gs_md_acp {
                display             : flex;
                line-height         : 0;
            }
            .gs_md_acp .gs_md_acs,.gs_md_acp ul {
                max-width           : 100%;
                box-sizing          : border-box;
                display             : inline-block;
                vertical-align      : top;
            }
            .gs_md_acs {
                visibility          : hidden;
                white-space         : pre;
                height              : 0;
                min-width           : 0%;
                flex                : 0 1 auto;
                font-size           : 16px;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_acs {
                font-size           : 18px;
            }
            .gs_md_acp ul {
                white-space         : nowrap;
                flex                : 0 0 auto;
            }
            .gs_md_ac li {
                position            : relative;
                padding             : 2px 8px;
                font-size           : 16px;
                line-height         : 20px;
                color               : #222;
                background-color    : #fff;
                overflow            : hidden;
                text-overflow       : ellipsis;
            }
            .gs_md_ac li.gs_sel {
                color               : #000;
                background-color    : #c6dafc;
            }
            .gs_md_ac li:active {
                background-color    : #e8f0fe;
            }
            .gs_el_ios .gs_md_ac li:active {
                background-color    : #fff;
            }
            .gs_md_ac li.gs_md_ac_lh,.gs_md_ac li.gs_md_ac_lh b {
                color               : #660099;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_ac li {
                padding             : 11px 8px 9px 8px;
                font-size           : 18px;
                border-top          : 1px solid #e5e5e5;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_ac li:first-child {
                border-top          : none;
            }
            .gs_md_ac[dir="ltr"] li.gs_md_ac_lh {
                padding-right       : 29px;
            }
            .gs_md_ac[dir="rtl"] li.gs_md_ac_lh {
                padding-left        : 29px;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_ac[dir="ltr"] li.gs_md_ac_lh {
                padding-right       : 49px;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_md_ac[dir="rtl"] li.gs_md_ac_lh {
                padding-left        : 49px;
            }
            .gs_md_ac_lh .gs_ico_X {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 0;
            }
            .gs_md_ac[dir="ltr"] .gs_md_ac_lh .gs_ico_X {
                right               : 0;
            }
            .gs_md_ac[dir="rtl"] .gs_md_ac_lh .gs_ico_X {
                left                : 0;
            }
            .gs_el_tc #gs_top .gs_md_ac .gs_md_ac_lh .gs_ico_Xt {
                padding             : 10px;
            }
            .gs_md_ac_lh .gs_ico_X:hover {
                background-color    : #eee;
            }
            .gs_ico_x {
                background-position : -113px -22px;
                opacity             : .55;
            }
            .gs_ico_x:hover {
                opacity             : .72;
            }
            .gs_ico_x:active {
                opacity             : 1;
            }
            .gs_ico_X {
                background-position : -71px 0;
                opacity             : .55;
            }
            .gs_ico_X:hover {
                opacity             : .72;
            }
            .gs_ico_X:active {
                opacity             : 1;
            }
            .gs_btnX .gs_ico {
                background-position : -71px 0;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_ico_Xt {
                background-origin   : content-box;
                background-clip     : content-box;
                padding             : 10px 6px 10px 14px;
            }
            .gs_ico_P {
                background-position : 0 0;
                opacity             : .55;
            }
            .gs_ico_P:hover {
                opacity             : .72;
            }
            .gs_ico_P:active {
                opacity             : 1;
            }
            .gs_btnP .gs_ico {
                background-position : -21px 0;
            }
            .gs_btnC .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -66px;
            }
            .gs_btnL .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -44px;
            }
            .gs_ico_LB {
                background-position : -50px -44px;
                height              : 16px;
            }
            .gs_btnJ .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -22px;
            }
            .gs_btnM .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px 0;
            }
            .gs_btnMW .gs_ico {
                background-position : -21px -22px;
            }
            .gs_btnSB .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -44px;
            }
            .gs_btnTSB .gs_ico {
                background-position : -115px -253px;
            }
            .gs_btnPL .gs_ico {
                background-position : -148px -66px;
            }
            .gs_btnPR .gs_ico {
                background-position : -21px -66px;
            }
            .gs_btnPLW .gs_ico {
                background-position : -0 -230px;
            }
            .gs_btnPRW .gs_ico {
                background-position : -23px -230px;
            }
            .gs_btnZI .gs_ico {
                background-position : -148px -22px;
            }
            .gs_btnZO .gs_ico {
                background-position : -127px -44px;
            }
            .gs_btnDE .gs_ico {
                background-position : -134px 0;
            }
            .gs_btnFI .gs_ico {
                background-position : -50px -66px;
            }
            .gs_btnAD .gs_ico {
                background-position : -141px -88px;
                opacity             : .55;
            }
            .gs_btnAD:hover .gs_ico {
                opacity             : .72;
            }
            .gs_btnAD:active .gs_ico,.gs_btnAD .gs_ico:active,.gs_btnAD :active~.gs_ico {
                opacity             : 1;
            }
            .gs_btnBA .gs_ico {
                background-position : -50px -22px;
            }
            .gs_btnADD .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -66px;
            }
            .gs_btnMRG .gs_ico {
                background-position : -113px 0;
            }
            .gs_btnLBL .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -161px;
            }
            .gs_btnCNCL .gs_ico {
                background-position : -71px 0;
            }
            .gs_btnDWL .gs_ico {
                background-position : -28px -88px;
            }
            .gs_btnMNU .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -88px;
            }
            .gs_btnMNT .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -161px;
            }
            .gs_btnALT .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -161px;
            }
            .gs_btnART .gs_ico {
                background-position : -115px -161px;
            }
            .gs_btnGSL .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -161px;
            }
            .gs_btnCLS .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -161px;
            }
            .gs_btnXBLU .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -253px;
            }
            .gs_btnSSB .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -276px;
            }
            .gs_btnSSW .gs_ico {
                background-position : -23px -276px;
            }
            .gs_btnFLT .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -184px;
            }
            .gs_btnXT .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -184px;
            }
            .gs_btnPD .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -184px;
            }
            .gs_btnPU .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -276px;
            }
            .gs_btnCP .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -184px;
            }
            .gs_btnTP .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -184px;
            }
            .gs_btnML .gs_ico {
                background-position : -115px -276px;
            }
            .gs_btnCHK .gs_ico {
                background-position : -71px -66px;
            }
            .gs_btnDNB .gs_ico {
                background-position : -115px -230px;
            }
            .gs_btnDNW .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -207px;
            }
            .gs_btnACA .gs_ico {
                background-position : -23px -207px;
            }
            .gs_btnAPT .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -207px;
            }
            .gs_btnAPTW .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -230px;
            }
            .gs_btnAFL .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -207px;
            }
            .gs_btnAN .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -276px;
            }
            .gs_btnAI .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -276px;
            }
            .gs_btnPBL .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -207px;
            }
            .gs_btnUCT .gs_ico {
                background-position : -115px -207px;
            }
            .gs_btnVRF .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -207px;
            }
            .gs_btnLSI .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -230px;
            }
            .gs_btnLSG .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -230px;
            }
            .gs_btnMOR .gs_ico {
                background-position : -23px -253px;
            }
            .gs_btnADV .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -253px;
            }
            .gs_btnPRO .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -253px;
            }
            .gs_ico_star {
                background-position : -71px -44px;
                width               : 13px;
                height              : 13px;
            }
            .gs_btnPLSW .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -230px;
            }
            .gs_btnPDF .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -253px;
            }
            .gs_btnS .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -276px;
            }
            .gs_btnUNS .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0 -299px;
            }
            .gs_btnMORR .gs_ico {
                background-position : -23px -299px;
            }
            .gs_btnTW .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -299px;
            }
            .gs_btnIN .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -299px;
            }
            .gs_btnFB .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -299px;
            }
            .gs_btnET .gs_ico {
                background-position : -115px -299px;
            }
            .gs_btnARC .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -299px;
            }
            .gs_btnOL .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0px -322px;
            }
            .gs_btnFA .gs_ico {
                background-position : -23px -322px;
            }
            .gs_btnFAD .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -322px;
            }
            .gs_btnHP .gs_ico {
                background-position : -69px -322px;
            }
            .gs_btnPLM .gs_ico {
                background-position : -92px -322px;
            }
            .gs_btnPRM .gs_ico {
                background-position : -115px -322px;
            }
            .gs_btnRN .gs_ico {
                background-position : -138px -322px;
            }
            .gs_btnVF .gs_ico {
                background-position : 0px -345px;
            }
            .gs_btnVP .gs_ico {
                background-position : -23px -345px;
            }
            .gs_btnSRT .gs_ico {
                background-position : -46px -345px;
            }
            #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs {
                transition          : opacity .15s,visibility 0s .15s;
            }
            #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis {
                transition          : opacity .15s,visibility 0s;
            }
            .gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs {
                transition          : opacity .218s,visibility 0s .218s;
            }
            .gs_el_tc #gs_md_s.gs_hdr_drs.gs_vis {
                transition          : opacity .218s,visibility 0s;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw {
                position            : fixed;
                top                 : 0;
                left                : 0;
                height              : 100%;
                z-index             : 1200;
                visibility          : hidden;
                overflow            : auto;
                width               : 228px;
                background-color    : #fff;
                box-shadow          : 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.15);
                outline             : none;
                transform           : translate(-100%,0);
                transition          : transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s .15s;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis {
                visibility          : visible;
                transform           : translate(0,0);
                transition          : transform .15s ease-in-out,visibility 0s;
            }
            .gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw {
                transition          : transform .3s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1),visibility 0s .3s;
            }
            .gs_el_tc #gs_hdr_drw.gs_vis {
                transition          : transform .225s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1),visibility 0s;
            }
            #gs_top #gs_hdr_drw.gs_abt,#gs_top #gs_md_s.gs_abt {
                transition          : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_in {
                position            : relative;
                box-sizing          : border-box;
                min-height          : 100%;
                padding             : 0 0 8px 0;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_in,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_in {
                padding             : 0 0 65px 0;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_top {
                position            : relative;
                height              : 63px;
                border-bottom       : 1px solid #e5e5e5;
                margin-bottom       : 8px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_top,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_top {
                height              : 57px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_mnu,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 0;
                height              : 100%;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_mnu {
                left                : 0;
                width               : 55px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_lgo {
                left                : 56px;
            }
            .gs_hdr_drw_sec:before {
                display             : block;
                content             : " ";
                height              : 0;
                border-bottom       : 1px solid #e5e5e5;
                margin              : 8px 0;
            }
            .gs_hdr_drw_sec:first-child:before {
                display             : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_bot {
                display             : none;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_drw_bot,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_drw_bot {
                display             : block;
                position            : absolute;
                left                : 0;
                bottom              : 0;
                width               : 100%;
                height              : 65px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_md_li:before {
                opacity             : 0;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_hdr_pp {
                display             : block;
                position            : absolute;
                bottom              : 14px;
                left                : 15px;
                pointer-events      : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_drw_bot .gs_lbl {
                display             : block;
                white-space         : nowrap;
                overflow            : hidden;
                text-overflow       : ellipsis;
            }
            #gs_hdr {
                position            : relative;
                height              : 63px;
                background-color    : #f5f5f5;
                border-bottom       : 1px solid #e5e5e5;
                display             : flex;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr {
                height              : 57px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md,#gs_hdr_sre,#gs_hdr_act {
                display             : inline-block;
                vertical-align      : top;
                position            : relative;
                height              : 100%;
                flex                : 0 0 auto;
            }
            #gs_hdr_md {
                flex                : 1 1 auto;
            }
            #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,#gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_dso {
                display             : none;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr .gs_hdr_mbo {
                display             : inline-block;
            }
            #gs_hdr_mnu,#gs_hdr_bck,#gs_hdr_sre {
                width               : 55px;
                margin-right        : 1px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo {
                width               : 149px;
                background          : no-repeat url("/intl/en/scholar/images/1x/scholar_logo_24dp.png") 0% 50%;
                background-size     : 149px;
            }
            @media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),(min-resolution:144dpi) {
                #gs_hdr_lgo,#gs_hdr_drw_lgo {
                    background-image    : url("/intl/en/scholar/images/2x/scholar_logo_24dp.png");
                }
            }
            #gs_hdr_lgo {
                margin-right        : 31px;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_lgo {
                margin-right        : 0;
            }
            #gs_hdr_lgt {
                min-width           : 164px;
                margin-right        : 16px;
            }
            .gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_lgt:empty {
                min-width           : 60px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_md {
                margin-right        : 16px;
                min-width           : 1px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_lgt,#gs_hdr_md h1 {
                padding             : 19px 0 0 0;
                white-space         : nowrap;
                overflow            : hidden;
                text-overflow       : ellipsis;
                font-size           : 20px;
                line-height         : 25px;
                font-weight         : normal;
                color               : #666;
                max-width           : 100%;
                text-align          : left;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_md h1 {
                padding             : 16px 0 0 0;
            }
            #gs_hdr_srch {
                padding             : 14px 0 0 0;
                max-width           : 600px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_srch {
                padding             : 10px 0 0 0;
                max-width           : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_frm {
                position            : relative;
                padding-right       : 39px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_tsi {
                height              : 38px;
                border-radius       : 2px 0 0 2px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_tsi::-ms-clear {
                display             : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_tsc {
                display             : none;
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 3px;
                right               : 41px;
                width               : 21px;
                height              : 21px;
                padding             : 6px 10px 7px 10px;
            }
            .gs_in_acw[dir="rtl"]~#gs_hdr_tsc {
                right               : auto;
                left                : 1px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_tsb {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 0;
                right               : 0;
                width               : 40px;
                height              : 38px;
                border-radius       : 0 2px 2px 0;
            }
            #gs_hdr_frm_ac {
                top                 : 37px;
                right               : 40px;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_frm_ac {
                right               : 0;
            }
            .gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_bck,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_srch,.gs_hdr_src #gs_hdr_lgt,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_sre,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_mbo,.gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md h1.gs_hdr_dso,.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_lgo,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_bck {
                display             : none;
            }
            .gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_md,.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_srx #gs_hdr_md {
                margin-left         : 16px;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="ltr"] {
                padding-right       : 41px;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc #gs_hdr_tsi[dir="rtl"] {
                padding-left        : 41px;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_hdr_tsc .gs_in_acw~#gs_hdr_tsc {
                display             : block;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act {
                min-width           : 64px;
                max-width           : 200px;
                text-align          : right;
                float               : right;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act {
                display             : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_i,#gs_hdr_act_s {
                display             : inline-block;
                padding             : 23px 24px 23px 16px;
                max-width           : 100%;
                box-sizing          : border-box;
                font-size           : 13px;
                line-height         : 17px;
                white-space         : nowrap;
                overflow            : hidden;
                text-overflow       : ellipsis;
                color               : #444;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_s {
                text-transform      : uppercase;
            }
            .gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_s {
                padding             : 23px 16px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_s,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_s {
                padding             : 20px 16px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_i:active,#gs_hdr_act_s:active {
                color               : #d14836;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_i {
                padding-top         : 15px;
                padding-bottom      : 16px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_i,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_i {
                padding-top         : 12px;
                padding-bottom      : 13px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_i .gs_hdr_pp {
                vertical-align      : top;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_d {
                top                 : 63px;
                left                : auto;
                right               : 24px;
                min-width           : 288px;
                max-width           : 400px;
            }
            .gs_el_sm #gs_hdr_act_d {
                right               : 16px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act_d {
                top                 : 57px;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_d {
                top                 : 57px;
                min-width           : 280px;
                max-width           : 280px;
                max-width           : 90vw;
            }
            /* Account dialog body. */
            #gs_hdr_act_aw,#gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am,#gs_hdr_act_ab {
                display             : block;
                padding             : 10px 20px;
                word-wrap           : break-word;
                white-space         : normal;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_aw {
                background-color    : #fef9db;
                font-size           : 11px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_ap,.gs_hdr_act_am {
                border-bottom       : 1px solid #ccc;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_ap {
                padding             : 20px;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_ap {
                padding             : 10px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_apb {
                margin-top          : 12px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_aa:link,#gs_hdr_act_aa:visited {
                float               : right;
                margin-left         : 8px;
                color               : #1a0dab;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_aa:active {
                color               : #d14836
            }
            .gs_hdr_act_am:link,.gs_hdr_act_am:visited {
                color               : #222;
                text-decoration     : none;
                background          : #fbfbfb;
            }
            .gs_hdr_act_am:hover,.gs_hdr_act_am:focus {
                background          : #f1f1f1;
            }
            .gs_hdr_act_am:active {
                background          : #eee;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_ab {
                background          : #fbfbfb;
                padding             : 10px 0;
                display             : table;
                width               : 100%;
                white-space         : nowrap;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_aba,#gs_hdr_act_abs {
                display             : table-cell;
                padding             : 0 20px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_abs {
                text-align          : right;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs {
                display             : block;
                padding             : 10px;
                text-align          : center;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_aba button,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act_abs button {
                width               : 100%;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_a1,#gs_hdr_act_a2 {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : -9px;
                right               : 7.5px;
                width               : 0;
                height              : 0;
                z-index             : 1;
                border              : 8.5px solid transparent;
                border-top          : none;
                border-bottom-color : #333;
                border-bottom-color : rgba(0,0,0,.2);
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_a2 {
                top                 : -8px;
                border-bottom-color : #fff;
            }
            .gs_hdr_act_mw #gs_hdr_act_a2 {
                border-bottom-color : #fef9db;
            }
            .gs_hdr_pp {
                border-radius       : 50%;
                overflow            : hidden;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pp,.gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pp {
                float               : left;
            }
            #gs_hdr_act_ap .gs_hdr_pm {
                margin-left         : 116px;
            }
            .gs_hdr_act_am .gs_hdr_pm {
                margin              : 6px 0 0 58px;
            }
            #gs_hdr {
                background-color    : transparent;
                border-color        : transparent;
                margin-bottom       : 166px;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr {
                margin-bottom       : 134px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_md {
                position            : static;
            }
            .gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_mnu {
                display             : inline-block;
            }
            .gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_md {
                margin-left         : 0;
            }
            #gs_hdr_lgo {
                display             : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_hpl {
                padding             : 17px 4px;
                margin-left         : -6px;
                white-space         : nowrap;
                overflow            : hidden;
                text-overflow       : ellipsis;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_hpl,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_hpl {
                display             : none;
            }
            #gs_hdr_hpl a {
                margin              : 0 16px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_srch {
                position            : absolute;
                padding             : 0;
                top                 : 64px;
                left                : 56px;
                right               : 56px;
                max-width           : none;
                text-align          : center;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_srch {
                padding             : 0;
                top                 : 58px;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_srch {
                padding             : 0;
                top                 : 58px;
                left                : 16px;
                right               : 16px;
            }
            #gs_hdr_hp_lgow {
                margin              : 32px 0;
                height              : 64px;
                line-height         : 64px;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_hp_lgow {
                margin              : 16px 0;
            }
            #gs_hdr_hp_lgo {
                display             : inline-block;
                width               : 381px;
                max-width           : 90%;
                vertical-align      : bottom;
            }
            #gs_hdr_frm {
                margin              : 0 auto;
                max-width           : 540px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_hdr_act,.gs_el_ph #gs_hdr_act {
                display             : inline-block;
            }
            @media(min-height:850px) {
                #gs_hdr {
                    margin-bottom       : calc(33vh - 108px);
                }
                #gs_hdr_hp_lgow {
                    margin-top          : calc(33vh - 242px);
                }
            }
            @media(max-height:749px) {
                .gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_mnu,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_hp_lgow,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_hp_lgow,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_act,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_act {
                    display             : none;
                }
                .gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_md {
                    margin-left         : 16px;
                }
                .gs_el_tc.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_srch {
                    top                 : 10px;
                    right               : 16px;
                }
                .gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_srch {
                    top                 : 10px;
                }
                .gs_el_tc.gs_el_ta .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_frm,.gs_el_tc.gs_el_ph .gs_hdr_ifc #gs_hdr_frm {
                    max-width           : none;
                }
            }
            #gs_ab {
                position            : relative;
                height              : 41px;
                border-bottom       : 1px solid #e5e5e5;
                display             : flex;
                white-space         : nowrap;
                background-color    : #fff;
                z-index             : 1000;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_ab.gs_nta,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab.gs_nph {
                display             : none;
            }
            .gs_sth_vis #gs_ab {
                position            : fixed;
            }
            #gs_ab_ico,#gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_md,#gs_ab_btns {
                display             : inline-block;
                vertical-align      : top;
                position            : relative;
                height              : 100%;
                flex                : 0 0 auto;
            }
            .gs_el_ph #gs_ab_md {
                display             : block;
            }
            #gs_ab_ico {
                width               : 55px;
                margin-right        : 1px;
            }
            #gs_ab_ico .gs_ico {
                position            : absolute;
                top                 : 50%;
                left                : 50%;
                margin              : -10.5px 0 0 -10.5px;
            }
            #gs_ab_ttl {
                min-width           : 172px;
                padding-right       : 8px;
            }
            .gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl {
                min-width           : 68px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_ttl {
                min-width           : 0;
            }
            #gs_ab_ttl,#gs_ab_ttll {
                font-size           : 18px;
                color               : #666;
                text-transform      : none;
            }
            .gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_sm #gs_ab_ttll {
                font-size           : 16px;
            }
            #gs_ab_ttll {
                overflow            : hidden;
                text-overflow       : ellipsis;
                max-width           : 200px;
            }
            #gs_ab_md {
                flex                : 1 0 auto;
            }
            .gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md {
                flex                : 1 1 auto;
                font-size           : 13px;
                line-height         : 17px;
                padding             : 0 8px;
                color               : #999;
                overflow            : hidden;
                text-overflow       : ellipsis;
            }
            .gs_el_ph .gs_ab_st #gs_ab_md {
                visibility          : hidden;
                padding             : 0;
            }
            #gs_ab_btns {
                margin-right        : 8px;
            }
            .gs_el_sm #gs_ab_btns {
                margin-right        : 0;
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph #gs_ab_btns {
                margin-right        : 4px;
            }
            #gs_ab_ttl:before,#gs_ab_md:before,#gs_ab_btns:before {
                content             : "";
                display             : inline-block;
                width               : 0;
                height              : 100%;
                vertical-align      : middle;
            }
            #gs_ab_md>button,#gs_ab_btns>button,#gs_ab_md>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib,#gs_ab_md>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab_btns>.gs_md_r,#gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,#gs_ab .gs_ab_btw {
                margin              : 0 8px;
                vertical-align      : middle;
            }
            #gs_ab .gs_ab_mdw,.gs_ab_btw {
                display             : inline-block;
                margin              : 0;
            }
            #gs_ab_btns>.gs_in_ib {
                margin              : 0 16px 0 8px;
            }
            #gs_ab .gs_ab_btw {
                margin              : 0 12px 0 16px;
            }
            .gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ico,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_ttl,.gs_el_ta .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns,.gs_el_ph .gs_ab_sel #gs_ab_btns {
                display             : none;
            }
            #gs_bdy {
                display             : table;
                table-layout        : fixed;
                width               : 100%;
            }
            #gs_bdy_sb {
                vertical-align      : top;
                width               : 228px;
                word-wrap           : break-word;
                display             : none;
            }
            .gs_el_sm #gs_bdy_sb {
                
            }
            .gs_el_ta #gs_bdy_sb,.gs_el_ph #gs_bdy_sb {
                
            }
            .gs_bdy_sb_sec {
                margin              : 0 40px 0 56px;
            }
            .gs_bdy_sb_sec:before {
                display             : block;
                content             : " ";
                height              : 0;
                margin              : 13px 0;
                border-top          : 1px solid #eee;
            }
            .gs_bdy_sb_sec:first-child:before {
                margin              : 21px 0 0 0;
                border              : none;
            }
            #gs_bdy_sb ul {
                list-style-type     : none;
            }
            .gs_bdy_sb_sec a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sec a:visited {
                color               : #222;
            }
            .gs_bdy_sb_sec a:active {
                color               : #d14836;
            }
            .gs_bdy_sb_sel a:link,.gs_bdy_sb_sel a:visited {
                color               : #d14836;
                text-decoration     : none;
            }
            .gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind,.gs_el_tc .gs_bdy_sb_sec li.gs_ind a {
                padding-top         : 8px;
                padding-bottom      : 5px;
            }
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                        n: a && a.xa || 0,
                        p: a && a.S || "",
                        h: a && a.X || ""
                    };
                }
                function ee(a) {
                    if (le != a) {
                        var b = z("gs_md_s");
                        le && v(b, le);
                        (le = a) && u(b, a);
                    }
                }
                var ge = 0, le = "", X = new Ud();
                Zb.add(function() {
                    var a = Ub(), b = a.d || "", c = b ? z(b) : null;
                    ++ge;
                    if (c) {
                        var d = a.u || "";
                        c = 0 < +a.p;
                        var e = +a.t || 0, f = Jb() || {
                        };
                        a = +f.n || 0;
                        var g = "" + (f.p || "");
                        f = "" + (f.h || "");
                        d.match(Wa) || (d = "");
                        for (var h = Wd(X, e), k = h; k < X.s.length; ++k) {
                            var l = X.at(k);
                            if (e < l.R && l.m != b) break;
                        }
                        for (l = h - 1; 0 <= l; --l) {
                            var n = X.at(l);
                            if (e > n.R && n.m != b) break;
                        }
                        Vd(k - 1);
                        for (k = 0; k <= l; ++k) n = X.at(k).m, N[n] || Xd(l, !1);
                        if (l = h < X.s.length) l = X.at(h), l = b == l.m && d == l.Y && c == !!l.S && e == l.R;
                        l ? Xd(h, !0) : (0 == a && (Vd(-1), X = new Ud(), e = Xa()), c != !!g && (d = g = "", f = je()), b = new Sd(b, d, g, f, a, e), c = X, e = b.R, a = Wd(c, e), e = a < c.s.length && e == c.at(a).R, c.s.splice(a, e ? 1 : 0, b), X.o = a, Lb(), Yd());
                    } else Vd(-1);
                    --ge;
                });
                var me = function(a) {
                    sa.call(this);
                    this.ea = a;
                    this.ua = Object.create(null);
                    this.v = null;
                    a = a.querySelectorAll(".gs_in_txtw>input[type=text]");
                    for (var b = a.length; b--; ) {
                        var c = a[b], d = c.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");
                        c = c.name;
                        d && c && (this.ua[c] = d.innerHTML);
                    }
                };
                la(me, sa);
                me.prototype.ma = function() {
                    Dc(this.v);
                    this.ea = this.v = null;
                    sa.prototype.ma.call(this);
                };
                me.prototype.Db = function(a) {
                    var b = this;
                    S(a);
                    if ((a = this.ea) && !this.v) {
                        var c = "json=&" + Ma(a);
                        ne(this, !0);
                        this.v = R(a.action, c, function(d, e) {
                            b.ta(d, e);
                        });
                    }
                };
                me.prototype.ta = function(a, b) {
                    this.v = null;
                    ne(this, !1);
                    var c = this.ea, d = c.getAttribute("data-alrt");
                    if (d = d ? z(d) : null) d.innerHTML = "";
                    try {
                        var e = 200 == a && JSON.parse(b);
                    } catch (p) {
            
                }
                a = !1;
                e && "object" == typeof e || (a = ke(), d ? d.innerHTML = a : nc(a), e = {
                }, a = !0);
                c.setAttribute("data-p", "" + (e.P || ""));
                V("gs-ajax-form-done", c);
                if (b = e.L) Oa("" + b); else {
                  if (b = e.M) d ? d.innerHTML = b : nc(b), a = !0;
                  b = 1E6;
                  if (d && d.innerHTML) {
                    var f = d;
                    b = d.getBoundingClientRect().top;
                  }
                  d = c.elements;
                  e = e.E;
                  "object" == typeof e || (e = Object.create(null));
                  for (var g in this.ua) {
                    var h = d[g], k = void 0, l = "" + (e[g] || ""), n = h.parentNode.querySelector(".gs_in_txts");
                    x(h.parentNode, "gs_in_txte", !!l);
                    n && (n.innerHTML = l || this.ua[g] || "");
                    l && (k = h.getBoundingClientRect().top) < b && (f = h, b = k);
                    a = a || !!l;
                  }
                  (c = c.getAttribute("data-d")) && !a && xb(c);
                  f && f.scrollIntoView && (0 > b || b + 20 > window.innerHeight) && f.scrollIntoView();
                }
                };
                var ne = function(a, b) {
                    a = a.ea;
                    var c = a.getAttribute("data-bsel");
                    a = c ? document.querySelectorAll(c) : a.querySelectorAll("button");
                    for (c = a.length; c--; ) {
                        var d = a[c];
                        d.disabled = b;
                        x(d, "gs_bsp", b);
                    }
                };
                Wc(me, [new T(".gs_ajax_frm", {
                    submit: me.prototype.Db
                })]);
                var oe = [[1,0,1],[2,0,1]];
                U(".gs_cb_gen", "click", function(a) {
                    var b = a.currentTarget, c = Jd(b), d = 2 == +b.getAttribute("data-s");
                    Kd(b, oe[+d][c], !0);
                    V("gs-change", b, a.j);
                });
                U(".gs_cb_gen", ["keydown","keyup"], function(a) {
                    var b = a.currentTarget, c = a.j.keyCode;
                    "BUTTON" != b.tagName || 13 != c && 32 != c || (S(a), "keydown" == a.type && b.click());
                });
                U([".gs_cb_gen",".gs_md_li"], "keydown", function(a) {
                    var b = a.currentTarget, c = b.tagName, d = a.j.keyCode;
                    "BUTTON" != c && (32 == d || 13 == d && "A" != c) && (S(a), b.click());
                });
                var pe = ["click","contextmenu","mouseup"].concat(navigator.sendBeacon ? [] : ["mousedown","touchstart"]), qe = "", re = null;
                function se() {
                    re = null;
                }
                function te(a) {
                    navigator.sendBeacon ? navigator.sendBeacon(a) : re && a == re.src || ((re = new Image()).src = a, setTimeout(se, 1E3));
                }
                function ue() {
                    var a = Vb(document.location.href).hl || "";
                    a = "/scholar_bfnav?url=" + encodeURIComponent(document.location.href) + "&hl=" + encodeURIComponent(a) + "&ei=" + GSP.eventId;
                    te(a);
                }
                M(function() {
                    qe = kc ? "&bn=1" : "";
                    kc && ue();
                });
                K(window, "pageshow", function(a) {
                    a.persisted && (qe = "&bn=1", ue());
                });
                K(document, pe, function(a) {
                    if (!("click" == a.type && a.button || "mouseup" == a.type && 1 != a.button)) {
                        var b, c;
                        (a = Sa(a.target)) && (b = a.getAttribute("href")) && (c = a.getAttribute("data-clk")) && (b = "/scholar_url?url=" + encodeURIComponent(b) + "&" + c + "&ws=" + window.innerWidth + "x" + window.innerHeight + "&at=", c = encodeURIComponent, a = (a = a.getAttribute("data-clk-atid")) ? z(a) : null, a = b + c(a && a.innerText || "") + qe, te(a));
                    }
                }, !1, !0);
                U(".gs_fm_s", "click", function(a) {
                    a = a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-fm") || "";
                    (a = z(a)) && a.submit();
                });
                var ve = function(a) {
                    this.m = B(a.querySelector(".gs_md_d"));
                    this.ka = B(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb"));
                };
                m = ve.prototype;
                m.oa = function(a) {
                    var b = z(this.m);
                    return void 0 !== a ? td(b, b, ".gs_md_li", a) : null;
                };
                m.open = function(a) {
                    a = this.oa(a);
                    if (w(z(this.ka), "gs_sel")) try {
                        a && a.focus();
                    } catch (c) {
            
                } else {
                  var b = z(this.ka);
                  rb(this.m, function() {
                    u(b, "gs_sel");
                  }, function() {
                    v(b, "gs_sel");
                  }, a, b);
                }
                };
                m.close = function() {
                    xb(this.m);
                };
                m.tb = function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    w(z(this.ka), "gs_sel") ? this.close() : this.open("keydown" == a.j.type ? !1 : void 0);
                };
                m.Na = function(a) {
                    var b = a.j.keyCode;
                    if (38 == b || 40 == b) S(a), this.open(38 == b);
                };
                m.xb = function(a) {
                    a.target.id == this.m && this.Na(a);
                };
                Wc(ve, [new T(".gs_md_rmb", {
                }),new T(".gs_md_tb", {
                    "gs-press": ve.prototype.tb,
                    keydown: ve.prototype.Na
                }),new T(".gs_md_d", {
                    keydown: ve.prototype.xb
                })]);
                var we = function(a) {
                    ve.call(this, a);
                    this.Gb = B(a.querySelector(".gs_md_in"));
                    this.Ib = B(a.querySelector(".gs_md_tb .gs_lbl"));
                };
                la(we, ve);
                we.prototype.oa = function() {
                    return z(this.m).querySelector(".gs_md_li[aria-selected]");
                };
                we.prototype.Ab = function(a) {
                    xe(this, a);
                };
                we.prototype.qa = function(a) {
                    var b = a.j.keyCode;
                    13 != b && 32 != b || xe(this, a);
                };
                var xe = function(a, b) {
                    var c = b.currentTarget, d = z(a.Gb), e = a.oa();
                    c != e && (d.value = c.getAttribute("data-v"), z(a.Ib).innerHTML = c.innerHTML, e && ye(e, !1), ye(c, !0));
                    S(b);
                    a.close();
                    V("gs-change", d, b.j);
                }, ye = function(a, b) {
                    x(a, "gs_sel", b);
                    b ? a.setAttribute("aria-selected", "true") : a.removeAttribute("aria-selected");
                };
                Wc(we, [new T(".gs_md_ris", {
                }),new T(".gs_md_li", {
                    click: we.prototype.Ab,
                    keydown: we.prototype.qa
                })]);
                U("#gs_lp", "click", function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    Zd("gs_lp_d");
                });
                U("#gs_lp_cur", "click", function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    xb("gs_lp_d");
                });
                var ze = function(a) {
                    this.Xa = B(a);
                };
                ze.prototype.qa = function(a) {
                    var b = a.currentTarget, c = a.j.keyCode;
                    if (38 == c || 40 == c) {
                        var d = z(this.Xa);
                        d = td(d, b, ".gs_md_li", 38 == c) || td(d, d, ".gs_md_li", 38 == c);
                    } else if (37 == c || 39 == c) a: {
                        c = 37 == c != La(b.parentNode);
                        d = b.parentNode;
                        var e = d.children, f = e.length;
                        if (d.id != this.Xa) {
                            for ( ; e[--f] != b; ) ;
                            d = sd(d, c) || rd(d.parentNode, c);
                            e = d.children;
                            if (f = Math.min(f + 1, e.length)) if (d = e[f - 1], w(d, "gs_md_li") && d.offsetLeft != b.offsetLeft) break a;
                        }
                        d = void 0;
                    }
                    d && (S(a), d.focus());
                };
                Wc(ze, [new T(".gs_md_ulr", {
                }),new T(".gs_md_li", {
                    keydown: ze.prototype.qa
                })]);
                U("#gs_hdr_mnu", "click", function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    Zd("gs_hdr_drw");
                });
                U("#gs_hdr_drw_mnu", "click", function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    xb("gs_hdr_drw");
                });
                U("#gs_hdr_act_i", "click", function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    1 == xa() ? Oa(document.querySelector("#gs_hdr_drw_bot>a").href) : rb("gs_hdr_act_d");
                });
                U("#gs_hdr_drw", "keydown", function(a) {
                    var b = a.j.keyCode;
                    if (38 == b || 40 == b) {
                        var c = a.currentTarget;
                        if (b = td(c, c, ".gs_md_li", 38 == b)) S(a), b.focus();
                    }
                });
                U("#gs_hdr_tsi", ["focus","blur"], function(a) {
                    function b() {
                        var g = d.getBoundingClientRect().top - 10;
                        10 < Math.abs(g) && window.scrollBy(0, g);
                        clearTimeout(e);
                        c();
                    }
                    function c() {
                        L(window, f, b);
                    }
                    var d = a.target;
                    a = "focus" == a.type;
                    x(z("gs_hdr"), "gs_hdr_ifc", a);
                    if (a && ya && !(749 < window.innerHeight)) {
                        var e = setTimeout(c, 1E3), f = ["scroll","resize"];
                        K(window, f, b);
                    }
                });
                U("#gs_hdr_tsi", ["input","gs-change"], function(a) {
                    x(z("gs_hdr_frm"), "gs_hdr_tsc", !!a.currentTarget.value);
                });
                U("#gs_hdr_tsc", "mousedown", function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    var b = z("gs_hdr_tsi");
                    b.value = "";
                    b.focus();
                    V("input", b, a.j);
                });
                U("#gs_hdr_sre", "click", function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    var b = z("gs_hdr");
                    rb("gs_hdr_frm", function() {
                        v(b, "gs_hdr_src");
                        u(b, "gs_hdr_srx");
                    }, function() {
                        u(b, "gs_hdr_src");
                        v(b, "gs_hdr_srx");
                    }, z("gs_hdr_tsi"));
                });
                U(".gs_md_x", "click", function(a) {
                    (a = a.currentTarget.getAttribute("data-mdx")) && xb(a);
                });
                var Ae = function() {
            
                }, Be, Ce;
                m = Ae.prototype;
                m.ub = function(a) {
                    a.j.button || (S(a), De(a));
                };
                m.ra = function(a) {
                    Ee(a) && (S(a), De(a));
                };
                m.Bb = function(a) {
                    Ee(a) && S(a);
                };
                m.sa = function(a) {
                    if (!a.j.button) {
                        S(a);
                        var b = a.j;
                        b && (Fe = b.clientX || 0, Ge = b.clientY || 0, K(document, He, Ie, !0), clearTimeout(Be), Be = setTimeout(Je, 2E3));
                        De(a);
                    }
                };
                m.Fb = function(a) {
                    S(a);
                    if (Ke) {
                        var b = a.j;
                        b = b && b.touches || [];
                        if (b = 1 == b.length ? b[0] : null) Le = b.clientX, Me = b.clientY, K(document, Ne, Oe, !0), clearTimeout(Ce), Ce = setTimeout(Pe, 2E3);
                    }
                    De(a);
                };
                var Ee = function(a) {
                    a = a.j.keyCode;
                    return 32 == a || 13 == a;
                }, De = function(a) {
                    V("gs-press", a.currentTarget, a.j);
                }, Je = function() {
                    L(document, He, Ie, !0);
                    clearTimeout(Be);
                    Be = void 0;
                }, Ie = function(a) {
                    "mousedown" != a.type && 10 > Math.abs(a.clientX - Fe) && 10 > Math.abs(a.clientY - Ge) ? (jb(a), "click" == a.type && Je()) : Je();
                }, Pe = function() {
                    L(document, Ne, Oe, !0);
                    clearTimeout(Ce);
                    Ce = void 0;
                }, Oe = function(a) {
                    "touchstart" != a.type && 10 > Math.abs(a.clientX - Le) && 10 > Math.abs(a.clientY - Me) ? (jb(a), "click" == a.type && Pe()) : Pe();
                }, Fe = 0, Ge = 0, He = ["mousedown","mouseup","click"], Ke = y("Android") && !y("Chrome"), Le = 0, Me = 0, Ne = ["touchstart","mousedown","mouseup","click"];
                Wc(Ae, [new T(".gs_press", {
                    click: Ae.prototype.ub,
                    keydown: Ae.prototype.ra,
                    keyup: Ae.prototype.Bb,
                    mousedown: Ae.prototype.sa,
                    touchstart: Ae.prototype.Fb
                })]);
                function Qe(a) {
                    Re.style.left = Se && Te === Ue ? a.left + "px" : "auto";
                    Re.style.width = Se ? a.width + "px" : "auto";
                    V("gs-sth-change", z("gs_sth"));
                }
                function Ve() {
                    var a = We.getBoundingClientRect(), b = a.top, c = Re.offsetHeight, d = 0 > b, e;
                    if (e = d && ua) e = document.activeElement, e = !!e && "INPUT" == e.tagName && "text" == e.type;
                    b = e ? -b - a.height : Ue;
                    var f = Se != d || Te !== Ue != e;
                    b !== Te && (Te = b, Re.style.transform = b === Ue ? "none" : "translate3d(0," + b + "px,0)");
                    f && (Se = d, x(Xe, "gs_sth_vis", d), x(Xe, "gs_sth_trk", e), Qe(a), We.style.height = Se ? c + "px" : "auto");
                }
                function Ye() {
                    Se && Qe(We.getBoundingClientRect());
                }
                var Ue, Xe, We, Re, Se = !1, Te;
                M(function() {
                    if (Xe = z("gs_sth")) We = Xe.querySelector(".gs_sth_g"), Re = Xe.querySelector(".gs_sth_b"), Nd.addListener(Ve), Od.addListener(Ye), Ve();
                });
                (function(a) {
                    M(function() {
                        return setTimeout(a, 0);
                    });
                })(function() {
                    for (var a = r(document.querySelectorAll(".gs_invis")), b = a.next(); !b.done; b = a.next()) v(b.value, "gs_invis");
                });
                function Ze(a, b, c, d, e) {
                    c = void 0 === c ? 0 : c;
                    d = void 0 === d ? 1 : d;
                    e = void 0 === e ? 5 : e;
                    for (var f, g, h = 0; h < e; h++) f = (c + d) / 2, g = a(f), g < b ? c = f : d = f;
                    return (c + d) / 2;
                }
                function $e(a) {
                    return a * a * (1.74 - .74 * a);
                }
                function af(a) {
                    return a * a * (3 - 2 * a);
                }
                function bf(a) {
                    return Ze(af, a, Math.max(a - .1, 0), Math.min(a + .1, 1));
                }
                function cf(a) {
                    var b = r(a);
                    a = b.next().value;
                    var c = b.next().value, d = b.next().value;
                    b = 1 / (b.next().value - a) || 0;
                    return [0,(c - a) * b,(d - a) * b,1];
                }
                function df(a, b, c, d) {
                    var e = b - a;
                    return d ? [a,a + e * c] : [b - e * c,b];
                }
                ;
                function ef(a, b) {
                    x(a, "gs_sel", b);
                    a.querySelector(".gs_tg_ctl").setAttribute("aria-checked", b ? "true" : "false");
                }
                ;
                var ff = function(a) {
                    this.g = a;
                    this.Ga = a.getAttribute("data-author") || "";
                    this.Ka = this.g.querySelector(".gs_fao_del");
                    this.Ob = this.g.querySelector(".gs_fao_res");
                    this.na = this.g.querySelector(".gs_fao_fo");
                    this.Hb = w(a, "gs_fao_folr");
                };
                ff.prototype.La = function(a) {
                    var b = this;
                    a = gf(a.currentTarget == this.Ka ? "data-del" : "data-res", this.Ga);
                    hf(this, !0);
                    x(this.g, "gs_fao_dis");
                    var c = "xsrf=" + jf("data-xsrf");
                    R(a, c, function(d, e) {
                        hf(b, !1);
                        kf(d, e) ? x(b.g, "gs_fao_dis") : lf();
                    });
                };
                ff.prototype.kb = function() {
                    var a = this;
                    hf(this, !0);
                    var b = w(this.na, "gs_sel");
                    x(this.g, "gs_fao_followed");
                    var c = document.querySelectorAll(".gs_fao");
                    c = mf(this.Ga, b ? Array.prototype.indexOf.call(c, this.g) : void 0);
                    b = (b ? "" : "un") + (this.Hb ? "follow_related_btn" : "follow_articles_btn") + "=&xsrf=" + jf("data-xsrf");
                    R(c, b, function(d, e) {
                        hf(a, !1);
                        kf(d, e) ? (d = a.na, ef(d, !w(d, "gs_sel")), x(a.g, "gs_fao_followed")) : lf();
                    });
                };
                var hf = function(a, b) {
                    x(a.g, "gs_fao_loading", b);
                    a.Ob.disabled = b;
                    x(a.Ka, "gs_dis", b);
                    a = a.na;
                    x(a.querySelector(".gs_tg_ctl"), "gs_dis", b);
                    x(a, "gs_dis", b);
                }, nf = [new T(".gs_fao", {
                }),new T(".gs_fao_del", {
                    click: ff.prototype.La
                }),new T(".gs_fao_res", {
                    click: ff.prototype.La
                }),new T(".gs_fao_fo", {
                    "gs-change": ff.prototype.kb
                })];
                function kf(a, b) {
                    try {
                        var c = 200 == a && JSON.parse(b);
                    } catch (d) {
            
                }
                a = "";
                c && "object" == typeof c ? c.M && (a = c.M + "") : a = ke();
                return a ? (nc(a), !0) : (c = c.L) ? (Oa("" + c), !0) : !1;
                }
                function lf() {
                    if (document.querySelectorAll(".gs_fao.gs_fao_followed").length + document.querySelectorAll(".gs_fao.gs_fao_dis").length == document.querySelectorAll(".gs_fao").length) {
                        var a = z("gs_fa_done").innerHTML;
                        nc(a);
                    }
                }
                function gf(a, b) {
                    return jf(a).replace("{user_id}", b);
                }
                function mf(a, b) {
                    b = void 0 !== b ? "&gsc_fa_pos=" + b : "";
                    return gf("data-fol", a) + b;
                }
                function jf(a) {
                    return z("gs_fa_data").getAttribute(a) || "";
                }
                ;
                function of(a) {
                    var b = document.querySelector(".gs_mylib .gs_ia_notf");
                    b && x(b, "gs_rdt", 0 < a);
                }
                ;
                function pf(a, b) {
                    for (var c = a.length, d = window.innerWidth + "x" + window.innerHeight, e = {
                    }, f = 0; f < c; e = {
                        K: void 0
                    }, f++) {
                        var g = a[f];
                        if (g) {
                            var h = g.indexOf("https://www.google-analytics.com/collect?");
                            0 == h ? g += "&vp=" + d : 0 == g.indexOf("/scholar_url?") && (g += "&cd=" + b + "&ws=" + d);
                            navigator.sendBeacon ? 0 == h ? (e = g.substr(41), g = g.substr(0, 40), 0 < e.indexOf("&key=") && (e = Tb(e), g = "https://www.google-analytics.com/mp/collect?" + Sb({
                                measurement_id: e.tid || "",
                                api_secret: e.key || ""
                            }), e = JSON.stringify({
                                client_id: e.cid || "",
                                events: [{
                                    name: "page_view",
                                    params: {
                                        page_referrer: e.dr || "",
                                        page_location: e.dl || "",
                                        page_title: e.dt || ""
                                    }
                                }]
                            })), navigator.sendBeacon(g, e)) : navigator.sendBeacon(g) : 0 != h && (e.K = new Image(), qf.push(e.K), e.K.onload = e.K.onerror = e.K.onabort = function(k) {
                                return function() {
                                    var l = qf.indexOf(k.K);
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                                            1996
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