<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#">
<head>
<title>
Astronomy Magazine - Interactive Star Charts, Planets, Meteors, Comets, Telescopes
</title>
<meta content="Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy events, cosmology, planets, galaxies, asteroids, astrophotography, the Big Bang, black holes, comets, constellations, eclipses, exoplanets, nebulae, meteors, quasars, observing, telescopes, NASA, Hubble, space missions, stargazing, and more" name="description">
<meta content="Amateur astronomy, amature astronomy, andromeda, Antimatter, aperture, apogee, apparition, archaeoastronomy, asterism, asteroid, astronomer, astonomy, astromony, astronamy, astronomy magazine, astronomi, astronomie, astronmy, astronomy mag, astronomy charts, astronomical, astrophotography, astrophysics, atmosphere, big bang, binoculars, black hole, blueshift, bolide, Cassegrain, Cassini, celestial, circumpolar, collimation, comet, conjunction, constellation, corona, cosmic microwave background, cmb, cosmic ray, cosmic-ray, dark adaption, dark adaptation, dark sky, deep sky, drift method, earth, earthlike, earth-like, eclipse, earthshine, exoplanet, extrasolar, eyepiece, finder scope, field of view, f-ratio, galaxy, galaxies, gamma ray, gamma-ray, go-to, go to, goto, gravity, heliocentric, interactive star chart, Kuiper belt, kuyper belt, light speed, light-speed, light year, light-year, light pollution, magnitude, messier, mars, moon, lunar eclipse, mercury, venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, nebula, nebulae, news, nebulosity, NASA, ESA, nova, novae, oort, p Cygni, meteor, shooting star, physics, planetarium, planet, protoplanet, quasar, quasi-stellar object, titan, Enceladus, radial, red giant, redshift, red-shift, scope, sky, skyglow, sky glow, sky guide, skyguide, skywatcher, sky watcher, solar, solar system, space, spcae, sapce, shuttle, spacecraft, space craft, star, star atlas, star chart, starchart, star coordinates, star gazer, stargazer, star gazing, stargazing, star gaze, stargaze, starlike, sun, sunlike, sun-like, telescope, transit, wormhole, zodiac" name="keywords">
<meta content="www.pages03.net,www.astronomy.com,cs.astronomy.com,astronomy.com" name="com.silverpop.brandeddomains">
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=5.0" name="viewport">
<link href="/favicon.ico?version=2" rel="Shortcut Icon">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/normalize.css" media="screen" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/community.css" media="screen" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/sitefiles/colorbox/colorbox.css?v=1" media="screen" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/theme.css?ver=1" media="screen" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/kserv.css?v=1" media="screen" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic|PT+Sans+Narrow:400,700" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/override_1170_1101.css" media="only screen and (min-width:1101px) and (max-width:1170px)" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/override_1100_961.css" media="only screen and (min-width:961px) and (max-width:1100px)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/override_960_820.css" media="only screen and (min-width:820px) and (max-width:960px)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/override_819_651.css" media="only screen and (min-width:651px) and (max-width:819px)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/override_650_601.css" media="only screen and (min-width:601px) and (max-width:650px)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/override_600_451.css" media="only screen and (min-width:451px) and (max-width:600px)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/override_450_0.css" media="handheld, only screen and (max-width:450px)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/themes/asy/css/print.css" media="print" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="//secure.kalmbach.com/kserv/libs/jquery.backup.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="/sitefiles/colorbox/jquery.colorbox-min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="https://secure.kalmbach.com/kserv/libs/kserv.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var addthis_config = {
data_ga_property: 'UA-130806-5',
data_ga_social: true
};
</script>
<script src="https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=astronomymag" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
$("<div id='embeddedForm' />").appendTo("body");
$.ajax({
url: "http://www.astronomy.com/sitefiles/promotions/promotiongenerator.aspx?location=forum",
type: "GET",
dataType: 'text/html',
xhrFields: {
withCredentials: true
},
success: function(data) {
$("#embeddedForm").innerHTML = data;
}
});
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) {
i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r;
i[r] = i[r] || function() {
(i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments);
}, i[r].l = 1 * new Date();
a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];
a.async = 1;
a.src = g;
m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m);
})(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga');
ga('create', 'UA-130806-5', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview', {
'dimension1': 'Anonymous',
'metric1': 0
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var googletag = googletag || {
};
googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];
(function() {
var gads = document.createElement('script');
gads.async = true;
gads.type = 'text/javascript';
var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol;
gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js';
var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node);
})();
</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>
(function(w, d, s, l, i) {
w[l] = w[l] || [];
w[l].push({
'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),
event: 'gtm.js'
});
var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
j.async = true;
j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);
})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WHWV7HZ');
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<script type="text/javascript">
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
googletag.defineSlot('/3004818/ASY-TonightsSky-spnr', [230,15], 'div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-0').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("ASYTarget", "ASY-Community");
if ($(window).width() > 800) {
googletag.defineSlot('/3004818/ASY-LB_Multi', [[970,250],[728,90]], 'div-gpt-ad-1522767491889-0').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("ASYTarget", "ASY-Community");
} else {
googletag.defineSlot('/3004818/ASY-Mobile', [320,50], 'div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-1').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("ASYTarget", "ASY-Community");
$(document).ready(function() {
if ($('#div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-1').css("display") == "none") {
$('.adZone.leader').hide();
} else {
$('.adZone.leader').show();
}
});
}
googletag.defineSlot('/3004818/ASY-MedRect', [300,250], 'div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-2').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("ASYTarget", "ASY-Community");
googletag.defineSlot('/3004818/ASY-MedRect2', [300,250], 'div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-3').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("ASYTarget", "ASY-Community");
googletag.defineSlot('/3004818/ASY-MedRectHouse', [300,250], 'div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-4').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("ASYTarget", "ASY-Community");
googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();
googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();
googletag.enableServices();
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript>
<iframe height="0" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WHWV7HZ" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" width="0">
</iframe>
</noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<div id="fb-root">
</div>
<script>
(function(d, s, id) {
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
js = d.createElement(s);
js.id = id;
js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.4";
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));
</script>
<script src="//cdn.blueconic.net/kalmbach.js">
</script>
<form action="/" id="aspnetForm" method="post" name="aspnetForm">
<div>
<input id="__EVENTTARGET" name="__EVENTTARGET" type="hidden" value="">
<input id="__EVENTARGUMENT" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" type="hidden" value="">
<input id="__VIEWSTATE" name="__VIEWSTATE" type="hidden" value="/wEPDwULLTIwMDYxNzA2MTVkZBpu7X16xfGsiqjkHhwOVjpxJm2iLlXIIyb1bi78L8rr">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var theForm = document.forms['aspnetForm'];
if (!theForm) {
theForm = document.aspnetForm;
}
function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) {
if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) {
theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget;
theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument;
theForm.submit();
}
}
</script>
<div>
<input id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" type="hidden" value="1261C7F7">
</div>
<!-- Header and navigation -->
<div class="headerContainer">
<div class="moon">
</div>
<div class="gridContainer">
<div class="gridRow header">
<div class="gridColumn twelve">
<!-- Top ribbon -->
<div class="topRibbon">
<div class="heading">
</div>
<div class="headingArrow">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Logo -->
<div class="logo">
<a href="/main" title="Astronomy Magazine">
<img alt="Astronomy Magazine" src="/themes/asy/images/logo.png">
</a>
</div>
<!-- Callouts -->
<div class="callouts">
<div class="covers">
<div class="currentIssue">
<a href="/main/magazine/current-issue">
<img alt="" src="" style="display:none">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="links ptSans">
<ul>
<li class="subscribe">
<a href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com" target="_blank" title="Subscribe to Astronomy Magazine">
SUBSCRIBE
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com/renew" target="_blank" title="Renew your subscription to Astronomy Magazine">
RENEW
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/digitaleditions" title="Subscribe to our digital edition of Astronomy Magazine">
DIGITAL EDITIONS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com/gift" target="_blank" title="Give the gift of Astronomy Magazine">
GIVE A GIFT
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Login area -->
<div class="loginArea ptSans">
<div>
<a href="/login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2F" title="Login">
Login
</a>
or
<a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Register">
Register
</a>
|
<div class="customerService">
<a href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com/help" title="Customer Service">
Customer Service
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- navigation -->
<div class="navbar">
<div class="gridContainer">
<div class="gridRow" style="overflow:visible">
<div class="gridColumn twelve">
<div class="navContainer">
<!-- Primary nav -->
<div class="nav primary">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/main">
HOME
</a>
</li>
<li id="navmagazine">
<a href="/main/magazine">
MAGAZINE
</a>
</li>
<li id="navnews">
<a href="/main/news">
NEWS
</a>
</li>
<li id="navobserving">
<a href="/main/observing">
OBSERVING
</a>
</li>
<li id="navphotos">
<a href="/main/photos">
PHOTOS
</a>
</li>
<li id="navvideos">
<a href="/main/videos">
VIDEOS
</a>
</li>
<li id="navblogs">
<a href="/b/default.aspx">
BLOGS
</a>
</li>
<li id="navcommunity">
<a href="/">
COMMUNITY
</a>
</li>
<li id="navshop">
<a href="https://www.myscienceshop.com/catalog/astronomy" target="_blank">
SHOP
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- Seconary nav -->
<div class="nav secondary">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/main/magazine">
MAGAZINE
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/news">
NEWS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/observing">
OBSERVING
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/photos">
PHOTOS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/videos">
VIDEOS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/b/default.aspx">
BLOGS
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/">
COMMUNITY
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.myscienceshop.com/catalog/astronomy" target="_blank">
SHOP
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- mobile menu icon -->
<div class="menuIcon">
<a href="javascript:void(0);">
<img alt="" src="/themes/asy/images/menu_icon.png">
<span>
MENU
</span>
</a>
</div>
<!-- search box -->
<div class="searchbox">
<input onkeydown="return onHeaderSearchboxKeyPress(event);" title="Search Astronomy.com" type="text" value="Search Astronomy.com">
<div class="searchbutton">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Search Astronomy.com">
<img alt="Search Astronomy.com" src="/themes/asy/images/search-icon.png">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- hovers -->
<!-- magazine -->
<div class="navhover magazineSwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column1">
<div class="currentIssue">
</div>
<div class="aboutMagazine">
<h3>
ABOUT THE MAGAZINE
</h3>
<div class="left">
</div>
<div class="right">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column2">
<h3>
SUBSCRIBER EXTRAS
</h3>
<div class="subcolumn1">
<h3>
IN EVERY ISSUE
</h3>
</div>
<div class="subcolumn2">
<h3>
COLUMNISTS
</h3>
</div>
<div class="subcolumn3">
<h3>
FEATURES
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- news -->
<div class="navhover newsSwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column1">
</div>
<div class="column2">
<h3>
RECENT HEADLINES
</h3>
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="column3">
<h3>
TOPICS
</h3>
<div class="left">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=solar system">
solar system
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=galaxies">
galaxies
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=stars">
stars
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=cosmology">
cosmology
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=black holes">
black holes
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=space flight">
space flight
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=exolplanets">
exoplanets
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=space physics">
space physics
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/main/tags/?tag=milky way">
milky way
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- observing -->
<div class="navhover observingSwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column1">
</div>
<div class="column2">
<h3>
RECENT HEADLINES
</h3>
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="column3">
<h3>
TOPICS
</h3>
<div class="left">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- videos hover -->
<div class="navhover videosSwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column1">
</div>
<div class="column2">
<h3>
RECENT HEADLINES
</h3>
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="column3">
<h3>
TOPICS
</h3>
<div class="left">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- photos hover -->
<div class="navhover photosSwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column1">
<h3>
PICTURE OF THE DAY
</h3>
</div>
<div class="column2">
<h3>
RECENT GALLERIES
</h3>
<div class="galleryThumbs">
</div>
</div>
<div class="column3">
<h3>
TOPICS
</h3>
<div class="left">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- blogs hover -->
<div class="navhover blogsSwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column1">
<div class="previewImage">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2022/06/27/starmus-vi-the-out-of-this-world-science-and-arts-festival-will-see-speakers-including-chris-hadfield-and-kip-thorne-celebrate-50-years-of-exploration-on-mars.aspx">
<img alt="" src="https://cs.astronomy.com/cfs-file.ashx/__key/communityserver-blogs-components-weblogfiles/00-00-00-00-51-JCP_5F00_blog/3240.StarmusVI.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2022/06/27/starmus-vi-the-out-of-this-world-science-and-arts-festival-will-see-speakers-including-chris-hadfield-and-kip-thorne-celebrate-50-years-of-exploration-on-mars.aspx">
STARMUS VI: The out-of-this-world science and arts festival will see speakers including Chris Hadfield and Kip Thorne celebrate 50 years of exploration on Mars
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column2">
<h3>
RECENT POSTS
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/archive/2022/01/26/welcome-samantha-hill.aspx">
Welcome Samantha Hill!
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/09/24/queen-guitarist-brian-may-and-david-eicher-launch-new-astronomy-book.aspx">
Queen guitarist Brian May and David Eicher launch new astronomy book
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/archive/2020/05/13/astronomy-welcomes-caitlyn-buongiorno.aspx">
Astronomy welcomes Caitlyn Buongiorno
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/03/24/enter-the-space-amp-beyond-box-photo-contest.aspx">
Enter the Space & Beyond Box Photo Contest!
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/01/10/last-chance-to-join-our-2020-costa-rica-star-party.aspx">
Last chance to join our 2020 Costa Rica Star Party!
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/01/09/join-us-in-tucson-for-our-annual-public-star-party.aspx">
Join Us in Tucson for Our Annual Public Star Party!
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2019/04/22/learn-about-the-moon-in-a-great-new-book.aspx">
Learn about the Moon in a great new book
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="column3">
<h3>
TOPICS
</h3>
<div class="left">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- community hover -->
<div class="navhover communitySwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column2">
<h3>
READER GALLERIES
</h3>
<div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-67-00-00-00-45-70-69/Zoltan_2D00_Levay_2D00_workshop.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/trips/457069.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-64-00-00-00-49-04-12/Copy-of-Zodiacal-Light-2.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/other/490412.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-64-00-00-00-45-59-65/2010_5F00_09_5F00_16_5F00_Zodiacal_5F00_Light.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/other/455965.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-59-00-00-00-49-24-15/HHN_5F00_jpg.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/nebulae/492415.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-67-00-00-00-43-74-39/zebras_2D00_egrets_2D00_nakuru.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/trips/437439.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-67-00-00-00-42-31-38/yunxian_2D00_man_2D00_hubei_2D00_750.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/trips/423138.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-67-00-00-00-46-79-52/Ben_2D00_Palmer.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/trips/467952.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div class="thumbBg" style="background-image:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/120x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-62-00-00-00-48-95-87/YoungestMoon1351_5F00_IMG_5F00_0009_5F00_Md_2D00_strtch_5F00_Pf_2D00_tU_5F00_pub_5F00_20140102.jpg');">
<a href="/asy/m/sunandmoon/489587.aspx">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column3">
<h3>
TOPICS
</h3>
<div class="left">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- shop -->
<div class="navhover shopSwatch">
<div class="inner">
<div class="column1">
<h3>
NEW PRODUCTS
</h3>
<div class="productThumbs">
</div>
</div>
<div class="column2">
<h3>
IN OUR STORE
</h3>
<div class="dataItem left">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="dataItem right">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column3">
<h3>
CURRENT ISSUE
</h3>
<div class="currentIssue">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- mobile menu -->
<div class="mobileMenu">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Ad Leader Board -->
<div class="adZone leader">
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1522767491889-0">
<script>
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1522767491889-0');
});
</script>
</div>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-1">
<script type="text/javascript">
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-1');
});
</script>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Main content Grid -->
<div class="gridContainer">
<div class="gridRow mainContentGrid">
<!-- Main content well -->
<div class="gridColumn eight">
<div class="contentWell">
<div class="home">
<!-- Blogs -->
<div class="category blogs">
<div class="heading">
<a href="/b/default.aspx" title="Browse our blogs">
Browse our Blogs
</a>
</div>
<div class="blog">
<h4>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/default.aspx" title="Local Group">
Local Group
</a>
</h4>
<div class="recentPosts">
Recent Posts
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2022/06/27/starmus-vi-the-out-of-this-world-science-and-arts-festival-will-see-speakers-including-chris-hadfield-and-kip-thorne-celebrate-50-years-of-exploration-on-mars.aspx" title="STARMUS VI: The out-of-this-world science and arts festival will see speakers including Chris Hadfield and Kip Thorne celebrate 50 years of exploration on Mars">
STARMUS VI: The out-of-this-world science and arts festival will see speakers including Chris Hadfield and Kip Thorne celebrate 50 years of exploration on Mars
</a>
—
Added one year ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/09/24/queen-guitarist-brian-may-and-david-eicher-launch-new-astronomy-book.aspx" title="Queen guitarist Brian May and David Eicher launch new astronomy book ">
Queen guitarist Brian May and David Eicher launch new astronomy book
</a>
—
Added 3 years ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/03/24/enter-the-space-amp-beyond-box-photo-contest.aspx" title="Enter the Space & Beyond Box Photo Contest!">
Enter the Space & Beyond Box Photo Contest!
</a>
—
Added 4 years ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/01/10/last-chance-to-join-our-2020-costa-rica-star-party.aspx" title="Last chance to join our 2020 Costa Rica Star Party! ">
Last chance to join our 2020 Costa Rica Star Party!
</a>
—
Added 4 years ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2020/01/09/join-us-in-tucson-for-our-annual-public-star-party.aspx" title=" Join Us in Tucson for Our Annual Public Star Party! ">
Join Us in Tucson for Our Annual Public Star Party!
</a>
—
Added 4 years ago
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="blog">
<h4>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/default.aspx" title="Dave's Universe">
Dave's Universe
</a>
</h4>
<div class="recentPosts">
Recent Posts
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/archive/2022/01/26/welcome-samantha-hill.aspx" title="Welcome Samantha Hill!">
Welcome Samantha Hill!
</a>
—
Added 2 years ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/archive/2020/05/13/astronomy-welcomes-caitlyn-buongiorno.aspx" title="Astronomy welcomes Caitlyn Buongiorno">
Astronomy welcomes Caitlyn Buongiorno
</a>
—
Added 4 years ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/archive/2019/01/15/brian-may-and-david-eicher-talks-in-london-bath-and-amsterdam.aspx" title="Brian May and David Eicher to give talks in London, Bath, and Amsterdam">
Brian May and David Eicher to give talks in London, Bath, and Amsterdam
</a>
—
Added 5 years ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/archive/2019/01/09/lineup-for-2019-starmus-festival-announced.aspx" title="Starmus Festival's star-studded lineup for 2019 announced">
Starmus Festival's star-studded lineup for 2019 announced
</a>
—
Added 5 years ago
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/daves-universe/archive/2019/01/01/new-horizons-39-first-look-at-ultima-thule-reveals-cosmic-bowling-pin.aspx" title="New Horizons' first look at Ultima Thule reveals cosmic bowling pin">
New Horizons' first look at Ultima Thule reveals cosmic bowling pin
</a>
—
Added 5 years ago
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Galleries -->
<div class="category media">
<div class="heading">
<a href="/m/default.aspx" title="Browse our galleries">
Browse our Galleries
</a>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-60-00-00-00-49-40-03/NGC-5460FIMPOUCO.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/starclusters/494003.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="The open cluster in the constellation Centaurus - NGC 5460">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-58-00-00-00-49-40-01/UGC-7608-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/galaxies/494001.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="UGC 7608">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-64-00-00-00-49-40-00/ANA_5F00_ATACAMAMENOR.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/other/494000.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="MILKY WAY AND THE ATACAMA DESERT">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-58-00-00-00-49-39-99/Hickson-51-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/galaxies/493999.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="Hickson 51">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-59-00-00-00-49-39-98/K1_2D00_17-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/nebulae/493998.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="K1-17">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-60-00-00-00-49-39-97/NGC-5897-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/starclusters/493997.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="NGC 5897 - CDK24">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-59-00-00-00-49-39-96/NGC-6210-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/nebulae/493996.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="NGC 6210">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-60-00-00-00-49-39-95/NGC-5286-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/starclusters/493995.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="NGC 5286">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-58-00-00-00-49-39-94/NGC-4945-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/galaxies/493994.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="NGC 4945 - CDK24">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-58-00-00-00-49-39-93/NGC-4499-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/galaxies/493993.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="NGC 4499">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-58-00-00-00-49-39-92/NGC-3621-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/galaxies/493992.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="NGC 3621">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="thumb">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">
<div class="thumbContainer">
<div style="width:100%;height:100%;background:url('/resized-image.ashx/__size/110x0/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-58-00-00-00-49-39-91/Arp-266-_2D00_-LRGB.jpg') center center no-repeat;">
<a href="http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/m/galaxies/493991.aspx" style="width:100%;height:100%;display:block;" title="Arp 266">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Right column -->
<div class="gridColumn four last">
<div class="rightColumn">
<!-- Profile box -->
<div class="widget profileBox">
<!-- Not authenticated -->
<div id="ctl00_ProfileBox_divNoAccess">
<div class="hthree">
Join our Community!
</div>
<p>
Our community is
<b>
FREE
</b>
to join. To participate you must either login or register for an account.
</p>
<div style="margin:10px 0 0 0">
<div class="button profileBoxLogin" style="float:left;margin:0 10px 0 0;">
<a href="/login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2F" title="Login">
Login »
</a>
</div>
<div class="button profileBoxRegister" style="float:left;">
<a data-kservaction="showRegister" href="javascript:void(0);" title="Register">
Register »
</a>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Authenticated (no community account) -->
<!-- Authenticated -->
</div>
<!-- Ad zone med 1 -->
<div class="adZone house">
<div class="header">
ADVERTISEMENT
</div>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-2">
<script type="text/javascript">
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-2');
});
</script>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Newsletter box -->
<label for="asyNewsletterBox">
Email Newsletter Signup
</label>
<div class="newsletterBox">
<div id="ctl00_asyNewsletterBox_pnlNewsletterBox" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, 'ctl00_asyNewsletterBox_btnNewsletter')">
<div class="ptSans hfour">
FREE EMAIL NEWSLETTER
</div>
<p>
Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and
more from
<em>
Astronomy's
</em>
weekly email newsletter.
View our
<a href="http://www.kalmbach.com/privacy">
Privacy Policy
</a>
.
</p>
<div>
<input id="ctl00_asyNewsletterBox_txtEmailAddress" maxlength="50" name="ctl00$asyNewsletterBox$txtEmailAddress" title="Email address" type="text" value="Email address">
<div class="submitButton">
<div class="buttons blue">
<a href="javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$asyNewsletterBox$btnNewsletter','')" id="ctl00_asyNewsletterBox_btnNewsletter" title="Sign up">
Sign up
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Follow -->
<div class="sidebarFollow">
<ul>
<li style="float:none;">
Follow us:
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine" target="_blank" title="Find us on Facebook">
<img alt="Find us on Facebook" src="/themes/asy/images/facebook_icon.png">
Facebook
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/AstronomyMag" target="_blank" title="Follow us on Twitter">
<img alt="Follow us on Twitter" src="/themes/asy/images/twitter_icon.png">
Twitter
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://plus.google.com/108418751672314376405?prsrc=3" rel="publisher" style="text-decoration:none;" target="blank">
<img alt="Google+" src="//ssl.gstatic.com/images/icons/gplus-16.png" style="border:0;width:16px;height:16px;">
Google+
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Ad zone med 2 -->
<div class="adZone house">
<div class="header">
ADVERTISEMENT
</div>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-3">
<script type="text/javascript">
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-3');
});
</script>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Ad zone house -->
<div class="adZone house">
<div class="header">
ADVERTISEMENT
</div>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-4">
<script type="text/javascript">
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1377540289407-4');
});
</script>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Rapid conversion -->
<div class="sidebarConversion">
</div>
<!-- Widgets -->
<!-- Facebook feed -->
<div class="facebookFeed">
<div class="heading">
Find us on Facebook
</div>
<div class="fb-page" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-height="500" data-hide-cover="true" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine" data-show-facepile="true" data-show-posts="true" data-small-header="false" data-width="300">
<div class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore">
<blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine">
Astronomy Magazine
</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<div class="gridContainer">
<div class="gridRow">
<div class="gridColumn twelve">
<!-- Top row -->
<div class="topRow">
<div class="logo">
<a href="/main" title="Astronomy Magazine">
<img alt="Astronomy Magazine" src="/themes/asy/images/logo.png">
</a>
</div>
<div class="nav ptSans column1">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="nav ptSans column2">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="nav ptSans column3">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="newsletter ptSans">
<div class="hfive">
FREE EMAIL NEWSLETTER
</div>
<div>
<input class="newsletter" maxlength="50" onkeydown="return onFooterNewsletterKeyPress(event);" title="Sign up for Astronomy.com email newsletter" type="text" value="Email address">
<div class="submitButton">
<div class="buttons blue">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Sign up">
Sign up!
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="socials">
<ul>
<li style="float:none;">
Follow us:
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/astronomymagazine" target="_blank" title="Find us on Facebook">
<img alt="Find us on Facebook" src="/themes/asy/images/facebook_icon.png">
Facebook
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/AstronomyMag" target="_blank" title="Follow us on Twitter">
<img alt="Follow us on Twitter" src="/themes/asy/images/twitter_icon.png">
Twitter
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://plus.google.com/108418751672314376405?prsrc=3" rel="publisher" style="text-decoration:none;" target="blank">
<img alt="Google+" src="//ssl.gstatic.com/images/icons/gplus-16.png" style="border:0;width:16px;height:16px;">
Google+
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="magBranding">
<div class="currentIssue">
<a href="/main/magazine/current-issue">
<img alt="" src="" style="display:none">
</a>
</div>
<div class="links ptSans">
<a class="subscribe" href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com" target="_blank" title="Subscribe to Astronomy Magazine">
SUBSCRIBE
</a>
<br>
<a href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com/renew" target="_blank" title="Renew your subscrption to Astronomy Magazine">
RENEW
</a>
<br>
<a href="/digitaleditions" title="Digital editions of Astronomy Magazine">
DIGITAL EDITIONS
</a>
<br>
<a href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com/gift" target="_blank" title="Give the gift of Astronomy Magazine">
GIVE A GIFT
</a>
<br>
<a href="http://subscribe.astronomy.com/help" title="Customer Service">
CUSTOMER SERVICE
</a>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Trusted sites -->
<div class="trustedSites">
<div class="kpc">
<a href="http://www.kalmbach.com" target="_blank" title="Kalmbach Media Co.">
<img alt="Kalmbach Media Co." src="/themes/asy/images/kpc_logo.png">
</a>
</div>
<div class="data">
<div>
More great sites from
<a href="http://www.kalmbach.com" target="_blank" title="Kalmbach Media Co.">
Kalmbach Media
</a>
:
</div>
<div class="links" style="margin:5px 0 0 0;">
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Bottom scripts -->
<script type="text/javascript">
window.kservApi = "https://secure.kalmbach.com/kserv/api/";
window.kservAppId = "4";
</script>
<script src="/themes/asy/js/theme.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="/themes/asy/js/nav.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<input class="hfMainPath" id="hfMainPath" type="hidden" value="http://www.astronomy.com">
<script src="http://contentz.mkt932.com/lp/static/js/iMAWebCookie.js?d1e832-1153df92d7e-f528764d624db129b32c21fbca0cb8d6&h=www.pages03.net" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="//assets.pcrl.co/js/jstracker.min.js">
</script>
<script src="/WebResource.axd?d=vBGAMDBi2XjoKC43U9WQ5Z0dMtm63Flu0keIEPe8w0eYaBHZ0CW1-st5ZfBaYVKXSwrvkINcx_QsOacP7LRu6vb01GbZFMyO_q4QBaoS6-E1&t=638464875187615987" type="text/javascript">
</script>
</form>
</body>
</html>