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<title>
Internet Archive: Search Engine
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Skip to main content
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<!-- Wraps all page content -->
<div id="wrap">
<div class="ia-banners">
<div class="ia-banner hidden save-wayback-20260601" data-campaign="save-wayback-20260601">
<p>
Keep the news in the Wayback Machine.
<a href="https://www.savethearchive.com/NewsLeaders" rel="ugc nofollow">
Sign Fight for the Future's letter
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<form action="" class="banner-close" data-action="ia-banner-close" method="get">
<fieldset>
<button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit">
</button>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="topnav">
<input class="js_nav_tweaks" type="hidden" value="[]">
<!-- Shady DOM styles for icon-hamburger -->
<style scope="icon-hamburger-1">
.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger {
display : block;
height : 4rem;
width : 4rem;
}
.icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger {
fill : #fff;
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for login-button -->
<style scope="login-button-1">
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button {
display : block;
text-transform : uppercase;
color : #ccc;
cursor : pointer;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.logged-out-menu {
display : inline-block;
vertical-align : middle;
background : inherit;
border : medium;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button {
height : 100%;
width : 4rem;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button {
fill : #999;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button {
fill : #fff;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button {
border-radius : 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background : #333;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button {
fill : #fff;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button {
display : none;
font-size : 1.4rem;
text-transform : uppercase;
color : #999;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button {
color : inherit;
text-decoration : none;
outline : 0;
}
.login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,
.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,
.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus {
color : #fff !important;
outline : none !important;
outline-offset : inherit !important;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button {
padding : 1rem 0.5rem;
vertical-align : middle;
}
.login-button-1 .active.login-button {
background : transparent;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button {
display : inline-block;
vertical-align : middle;
}
.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button {
height : 3rem;
width : 3rem;
display : block;
}
.login-button-1 span.login-button {
display : inline;
vertical-align : middle;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for media-button -->
<style scope="media-button-1">
.media-button-1 a.media-button {
display : inline-block;
text-decoration : none;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button {
display : inline-block;
width : 100%;
padding : 0;
font-size : 1.6rem;
text-align : left;
background : transparent;
-webkit-box-align : center;
-ms-flex-align : center;
align-items : center;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus {
outline : none;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button {
display : inline-block;
padding : 0;
font-weight : 400;
color : #fff;
text-align : left;
vertical-align : middle;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button>.icon.media-button {
display : inline-flex;
vertical-align : middle;
-webkit-box-align : center;
-ms-flex-align : center;
align-items : center;
-webkit-box-pack : center;
-ms-flex-pack : center;
justify-content : center;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button>.icon.media-button>svg.media-button {
height : 4rem;
width : 4rem;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button {
background-color : #333;
border-radius : 1rem 0 0 1rem;
}
.media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #999;
}
.media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #f00;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button {
width : auto;
height : 5rem;
color : #999;
display : inline-flex;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus {
color : #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,
.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button {
display : none;
}
.media-button-1 .label.media-button,
.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
padding-right : 1rem;
font-size : 1.3rem;
text-transform : uppercase;
color : inherit;
}
.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
display : none;
content : "web";
}
.media-button-1 .donate.media-button,
.media-button-1 .more.media-button {
display : none;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button {
background : #474747;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after {
color : #fff;
}
.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button {
background : transparent;
}
.media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #ffcd27;
}
.media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #faab3c;
}
.media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #f1644b;
}
.media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #00adef;
}
.media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #9ecc4f;
}
.media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button {
fill : #aa99c9;
}
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.media-button-1 .label.media-button,
.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after {
display : inline;
}
.media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button {
display : none;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for media-menu -->
<style scope="media-menu-1">
.media-menu-1 {
outline : none;
}
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
z-index : -1;
top : -40rem;
background-color : #222;
margin : 0;
overflow : hidden;
transition-duration : 0.2s;
transition-property : top;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu {
position : relative;
line-height : normal;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
position : absolute;
width : 100%;
}
.media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
top : 0;
}
.media-menu-1 .overflow-clip.media-menu {
position : absolute;
z-index : -1;
top : 4rem;
left : 0;
height : 0;
width : 100%;
overflow : hidden;
transition-duration : 0.2s;
transition-property : height;
}
.media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .overflow-clip.media-menu {
height : 40rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu {
display : block;
position : static;
width : auto;
height : 5rem;
transition-property : none;
}
.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu {
font-size : 0;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for primary-nav -->
<style scope="primary-nav-1">
.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,
.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus {
outline : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav {
position : relative;
display : flex;
height : 4rem;
grid-template-areas : "hamburger empty heart search user";
-ms-grid-columns : 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem 4rem;
grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem 4rem;
-ms-grid-rows : 100%;
grid-template-rows : 100%;
background : #222;
border-bottom : 1px solid #333;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav {
display : flex;
align-items : center;
margin-left : auto;
user-select : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav {
background : none;
color : inherit;
border : none;
font : inherit;
cursor : pointer;
}
.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav {
position : static;
float : left;
margin : 0 !important;
padding : 0 5px 0 10px;
-webkit-transform : translate(0, 0);
-ms-transform : translate(0, 0);
transform : translate(0, 0);
}
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav,
.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav {
display : flex;
justify-content : left;
align-items : center;
}
.primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav {
flex : 1;
justify-self : stretch;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav {
height : 3rem;
width : 2.7rem;
display : inline-block;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
height : 3rem;
width : 9.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,
.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
margin-right : 5px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav {
-ms-grid-row : 1;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
grid-area : hamburger;
padding : 0;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height : 4rem;
width : 4rem;
fill : #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav {
display : inline-block;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height : 4rem;
width : 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav {
fill : rgb(255, 0, 0);
}
.primary-nav-1 .sr-only.primary-nav {
position : absolute;
width : 1px;
height : 1px;
margin : -1px;
padding : 0;
border : 0;
overflow : hidden;
white-space : nowrap;
clip : rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
-webkit-clip-path : inset(50%);
clip-path : inset(50%);
user-select : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav {
padding : 0;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height : 4rem;
width : 4rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav {
fill : #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 ia-dropdown-search-bar.primary-nav {
display : none;
font-size : 1.6rem;
--dropdownFontSize : 1.4rem;
--dropdownItemButtonPadding: 0 10px;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.primary-nav-1 ia-dropdown-search-bar.search-open.primary-nav {
--search-bar-width : 100%;
display : flex;
align-items : center;
position : absolute;
top : 0;
right : 4rem;
bottom : 0;
left : 4rem;
z-index : 3;
}
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav {
display : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav {
display : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
height : 3rem;
width : 3rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav {
display : none;
font-size : 1.3rem;
vertical-align : middle;
text-transform : uppercase;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav {
color : #999;
padding : 0.5rem;
height : 100%;
}
.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:hover,
.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:focus {
color : #fff;
outline : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav {
border-radius : 1rem 1rem 0 0;
background : #333;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
display : block;
width : 3rem;
height : 3rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav {
text-decoration : none;
display : inline-flex;
}
.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus,
.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus-visible {
outline-offset : 1px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 890px) and (max-device-width: 905px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right : 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 906px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right : 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name="opt-sec-logo"] {
display : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav {
display : initial;
}
.primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav .user-info.primary-nav {
float : right;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.primary-nav-1 {
;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav {
display : flex;
z-index : 4;
height : 5rem;
padding-right : 1.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name="opt-sec-logo-mobile"] {
display : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,
.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
margin-right : 10px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,
.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav,
.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav {
display : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav {
display : block;
float : right;
vertical-align : middle;
height : 100%;
padding : 1rem 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
height : 3rem;
width : 3rem;
margin-right : 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav {
padding : 1rem 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav {
background : transparent;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
display : inline-block;
vertical-align : middle;
margin-right : 0.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav {
display : block;
padding : 1rem 0.5rem;
float : right;
font-size : 1.4rem;
text-transform : uppercase;
text-decoration : none;
color : #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover {
color : #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus-visible {
outline : none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
vertical-align : middle;
fill : #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav {
fill : #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 ia-dropdown-search-bar.primary-nav {
display : block;
position : static;
margin-right : 0.5rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav {
display : inline-block;
text-overflow : ellipsis;
overflow : hidden;
white-space : nowrap;
max-width : 165px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav {
display : inline;
vertical-align : middle;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for user-menu -->
<!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-wayback-search -->
<!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-search -->
<style scope="wayback-search-1">
.wayback-search-1 {
font : normal 1.2rem/1.5 "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
max-width : 600px;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-top : 0;
font-weight : 200;
}
.wayback-search-1 a.wayback-search {
font-weight : 500;
text-decoration : none;
color : #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding : 0.7rem 2rem;
margin : 1.5rem 0;
box-sizing : border-box;
text-align : center;
border : none;
border-radius : 7px;
background-color : #fcf5e6;
box-shadow : 3px 3px 0 0 #c3ad97;
}
.wayback-search-1 label.wayback-search {
display : none;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
width : 100%;
max-width : 215px;
max-height : 60px;
margin-bottom : 1.3rem;
vertical-align : middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
display : block;
width : 100%;
height : 3rem;
padding : 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 2.5rem;
font : normal 1.2rem/1.5 "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
color : #858585;
box-sizing : border-box;
border : 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius : 2rem;
background : #eee;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus {
border-color : #66afe9;
box-shadow : inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6);
outline : none;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
position : relative;
overflow : hidden;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
position : absolute;
top : 2px;
left : 3px;
width : 2.4rem;
height : 2.4rem;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill : #999;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
margin : 0 auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom : 3rem;
font-size : 1.6rem;
text-align : center;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
margin : 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
margin : 0 auto;
font-size : 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display : inline-block;
width : 50%;
vertical-align : middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
text-align : center;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
width : 2.8rem;
height : 2.8rem;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill : #333;
}
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom : 1rem;
font-size : 1.6rem;
text-align : center;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding : .5rem;
border-radius : 5px;
box-shadow : none;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
padding-left : 3rem;
margin-top : .3rem;
font-size : 1.4rem;
border-color : #bca38e;
background : #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::placeholder,
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::-webkit-input-placeholder {
color : #8e8e8e;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
top : 50%;
transform : translateY(-50%);
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display : block;
width : auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
margin : 0 1.5rem;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for save-page-form -->
<style scope="save-page-form-1">
.save-page-form-1 div.save-page-form {
display : grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
grid-column-gap : .8rem;
margin : 0;
padding : 0;
border : none;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="text"] {
width : 100%;
height : 3rem;
box-sizing : border-box;
border : 1px solid #999;
border-radius : .5rem;
color : #222;
font-size : inherit;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance : none;
-moz-appearance : none;
appearance : none;
padding : .4rem .8rem;
font : normal 1.3rem "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
text-transform : uppercase;
color : #fff;
border : none;
border-radius : 16px;
background : #222;
cursor : pointer;
}
.save-page-form-1 .error.save-page-form {
display : none;
margin-top : .5rem;
font-weight : bold;
color : #ffcd27;
}
.save-page-form-1 .visible.save-page-form {
display : block;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.save-page-form-1 h3.save-page-form {
margin-top : 0;
font : normal 100 1.6rem "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-slider -->
<style scope="wayback-slider-1">
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
font-size : 1.6rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 a.wayback-slider {
text-decoration : none;
color : #fff;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
padding : 0;
margin : 0;
list-style : none;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider+li.wayback-slider {
padding-top : 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin : 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight : 100;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
font-size : 1.3rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider {
padding-bottom : .5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider+li.wayback-slider {
padding-top : 0;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider a.wayback-slider {
display : block;
overflow : hidden;
white-space : nowrap;
text-overflow : ellipsis;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 {
display : block;
grid-column : 1 / 4;
padding : 0 1.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin-top : 0;
font : normal 100 1.6rem "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .grid.wayback-slider {
display : grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(auto, 260px) 1fr minmax(auto, 260px);
grid-column-gap : 2.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .link-lists.wayback-slider {
display : grid;
grid-template-columns: calc(50% - 1.25rem) calc(50% - 1.25rem);
grid-column-gap : 2.5rem;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for more-slider -->
<style scope="more-slider-1">
.more-slider-1 ul.more-slider {
padding : 0;
margin : -1rem 0 0 0;
list-style : none;
}
.more-slider-1 a.more-slider {
display : block;
padding : 1rem 0;
text-decoration : none;
color : #fff;
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for media-subnav -->
<style scope="media-subnav-1">
.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
font-size : 1.6rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav {
text-decoration : none;
color : #fff;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
padding : 0;
margin : 0;
list-style : none;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav+li.media-subnav {
padding-top : 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
margin : 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight : 100;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
font-size : 1.3rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav {
padding-bottom : .5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav+li.media-subnav {
padding-top : 0;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display : block;
overflow : hidden;
white-space : nowrap;
text-overflow : ellipsis;
}
}
.media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav {
display : block;
width : 90px;
height : 90px;
margin : 0 auto 1rem auto;
border-radius : 45px;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
margin-top : 0;
font-size : 1.8rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
display : -webkit-box;
display : -ms-flexbox;
display : flex;
-webkit-box-pack : space-evenly;
-ms-flex-pack : space-evenly;
justify-content : space-evenly;
text-align : center;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display : inline-block;
width : 12rem;
margin-bottom : 1.5rem;
overflow : hidden;
white-space : nowrap;
text-align : center;
text-overflow : ellipsis;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav+a.media-subnav {
margin-left : 2rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display : none;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 {
display : -ms-grid;
display : grid;
-ms-grid-columns : 40% 20% 40%;
grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%;
}
.media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column : 1;
-ms-grid-column-span: 3;
grid-column : 1 / 4;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
display : none;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
padding-top : 3.5rem;
max-width : 16rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav {
padding : 0 1.5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column : 2;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display : block;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav {
display : -ms-grid;
display : grid;
-ms-grid-columns : 50% 3rem 50%;
grid-template-columns: 50% 50%;
-ms-grid-rows : (auto)[7];
grid-template-rows : repeat(7, auto);
grid-column-gap : 3rem;
grid-auto-flow : column;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(1) {
-ms-grid-row : 1;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(2) {
-ms-grid-row : 2;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(3) {
-ms-grid-row : 3;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(4) {
-ms-grid-row : 4;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(5) {
-ms-grid-row : 5;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(6) {
-ms-grid-row : 6;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(7) {
-ms-grid-row : 7;
-ms-grid-column : 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(8) {
-ms-grid-row : 1;
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(9) {
-ms-grid-row : 2;
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(10) {
-ms-grid-row : 3;
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(11) {
-ms-grid-row : 4;
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(12) {
-ms-grid-row : 5;
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(13) {
-ms-grid-row : 6;
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav>*.media-subnav:nth-child(14) {
-ms-grid-row : 7;
-ms-grid-column : 3;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for media-slider -->
<style scope="media-slider-1">
.media-slider-1 .media-slider-container.media-slider {
position : relative;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display : none;
position : absolute;
top : 3rem;
right : 0;
left : 0;
height : 0;
overflow : hidden;
transition : height 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
position : absolute;
top : 0;
right : 0;
left : 0;
padding : 0;
height : 31.9rem;
overflow-x : hidden;
font-size : 1.4rem;
background : #333;
}
.media-slider-1 .open.media-slider {
display : block;
}
.media-slider-1 .hidden.media-slider {
display : none;
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
padding : 1rem;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
display : block;
height : 35.8rem;
left : 4rem;
top : 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display : block;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
left : 0;
z-index : 3;
height : auto;
min-height : 21rem;
background : #474747;
transform : translate(0, -100%);
transition : transform 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
height : 22rem;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider {
transform : translate(0, 0);
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
max-width : 100rem;
padding : 1.5rem 0;
margin : 0 auto;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for desktop-subnav -->
<style scope="desktop-subnav-1">
.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav {
position : relative;
z-index : 3;
padding : .8rem 0;
margin : 0;
font-size : 1.2rem;
text-transform : uppercase;
text-align : center;
background : #333;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav {
display : inline-block;
padding : 0 15px;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav {
text-decoration : none;
color : #aaa;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus {
color : #fff;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav {
width : 1.6rem;
height : 1.6rem;
vertical-align : top;
fill : #f00;
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for signed-out-dropdown -->
<style scope="signed-out-dropdown-1">
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .nav-container.signed-out-dropdown {
position : relative;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
position : absolute;
right : 0;
z-index : 4;
overflow : hidden;
font-size : 1.6rem;
background-color : #333;
transition-property : top;
transition-duration : 0.2s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
top : -1500px;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
transition-duration : 0.5s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
max-width : 100vw;
overflow : auto;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
padding : 0.6rem 2rem;
margin : 0;
font-size : inherit;
overflow : hidden;
text-overflow : ellipsis;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
padding : 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0;
margin : 0;
list-style : none;
max-height : calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px);
overflow : auto;
box-sizing : border-box;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
margin : 0.5rem 0;
border-bottom : 1px solid #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
display : block;
color : #fff;
text-decoration : none;
padding : 1rem 2rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
font-size : 0.8em;
color : #a0a0a0;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .callout.signed-out-dropdown {
position : absolute;
margin-left : 10px;
padding : 0 5px;
border-radius : 2px;
background : #fee257;
color : #2c2c2c;
font-size : 1.4rem;
font-weight : bold;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown {
display : flex;
justify-content : left;
align-items : center;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown svg.signed-out-dropdown {
fill : #fff;
margin-right : 1rem;
height : 1.4rem;
width : 1.4rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
display : flex;
overflow : visible;
top : 0;
left : auto;
z-index : 5;
transition : opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
font-size : 1.4rem;
border-radius : 2px;
background : #fff;
box-shadow : 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after {
position : absolute;
right : 7px;
top : -7px;
width : 12px;
height : 7px;
box-sizing : border-box;
color : #fff;
content : "";
border-bottom : 7px solid currentColor;
border-left : 6px solid transparent;
border-right : 6px solid transparent;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
display : none;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
max-height : calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
border-bottom-color : #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown {
padding : 0.5rem 2rem;
color : #333;
transition : background 0.1s ease-out, color 0.1s ease-out;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
padding : 0.5rem 2rem;
font-size : 0.8em;
color : #6f6f6f;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus {
color : #fff;
background : #4b64ff;
outline : none;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity : 0;
transition-duration : 0.2s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity : 1;
overflow : visible;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown {
display : none;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right : 18.5rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right : 26rem;
}
}
</style>
<!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-topnav -->
<style scope="ia-topnav-1">
.ia-topnav-1 {
;
color : #fff;
font-family : "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.ia-topnav-1 primary-nav.ia-topnav:focus {
outline : none !important;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.ia-topnav {
display : none;
position : fixed;
top : 0;
right : 0;
bottom : 0;
left : 0;
z-index : 3;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.visible.ia-topnav {
display : block;
}
.ia-topnav-1 .topnav.ia-topnav {
position : relative;
z-index : 4;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.ia-topnav-1 desktop-subnav.ia-topnav {
display : none;
}
}
</style>
<style>
body {
transition : opacity ease-in 0.2s;
}
body[unresolved] {
opacity : 0;
display : block;
overflow : hidden;
position : relative;
}
</style>
<ia-topnav class="x-scope ia-topnav-1" locallinks="true" waybackpagesarchived="1 trillion">
<!---->
<div class="topnav style-scope ia-topnav">
<primary-nav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope primary-nav-1">
<!---->
<nav class="style-scope primary-nav">
<button class="hamburger style-scope primary-nav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHamburger" title="Open main menu">
<icon-hamburger class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope icon-hamburger-1">
<!---->
<svg aria-labelledby="hamburgerTitleID hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title class="style-scope icon-hamburger" id="hamburgerTitleID">
Hamburger icon
</title>
<desc class="style-scope icon-hamburger" id="hamburgerDescID">
An icon used to represent a menu that can be
toggled by interacting with this icon.
</desc>
<path class="style-scope icon-hamburger" d="m30.5 26.5c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5z" fill="#999" fill-rule="evenodd">
</path>
</svg>
</icon-hamburger>
</button>
<div class="branding style-scope primary-nav">
<a class="link-home style-scope primary-nav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHome" href="/" title="Go home">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
<svg aria-labelledby="logoTitleID logoDescID" class="ia-logo style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 27 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title class="style-scope primary-nav" id="logoTitleID">
Internet Archive logo
</title>
<desc class="style-scope primary-nav" id="logoDescID">
A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters
building façade.
</desc>
<g class="style-scope primary-nav" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="none" stroke-width="1">
<mask class="style-scope primary-nav" fill="white" id="mask-2">
<path class="style-scope primary-nav" d="M26.6666667,28.6046512 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0.000283687943,28.6046512 L26.6666667,28.6046512 Z M25.6140351,26.5116279 L25.6140351,28.255814 L1.05263158,28.255814 L1.05263158,26.5116279 L25.6140351,26.5116279 Z M3.62469203,7.6744186 L3.91746909,7.82153285 L4.0639977,10.1739544 L4.21052632,13.9963932 L4.21052632,17.6725617 L4.0639977,22.255044 L4.03962296,25.3421929 L3.62469203,25.4651163 L2.16024641,25.4651163 L1.72094074,25.3421929 L1.55031755,22.255044 L1.40350877,17.6970339 L1.40350877,14.0211467 L1.55031755,10.1739544 L1.68423854,7.80887484 L1.98962322,7.6744186 L3.62469203,7.6744186 Z M24.6774869,7.6744186 L24.9706026,7.82153285 L25.1168803,10.1739544 L25.2631579,13.9963932 L25.2631579,17.6725617 L25.1168803,22.255044 L25.0927809,25.3421929 L24.6774869,25.4651163 L23.2130291,25.4651163 L22.7736357,25.3421929 L22.602418,22.255044 L22.4561404,17.6970339 L22.4561404,14.0211467 L22.602418,10.1739544 L22.7369262,7.80887484 L23.0420916,7.6744186 L24.6774869,7.6744186 Z M9.94042303,7.6744186 L10.2332293,7.82153285 L10.3797725,10.1739544 L10.5263158,13.9963932 L10.5263158,17.6725617 L10.3797725,22.255044 L10.3556756,25.3421929 L9.94042303,25.4651163 L8.47583122,25.4651163 L8.0362015,25.3421929 L7.86556129,22.255044 L7.71929825,17.6970339 L7.71929825,14.0211467 L7.86556129,10.1739544 L8.00005604,7.80887484 L8.30491081,7.6744186 L9.94042303,7.6744186 Z M18.0105985,7.6744186 L18.3034047,7.82153285 L18.449948,10.1739544 L18.5964912,13.9963932 L18.5964912,17.6725617 L18.449948,22.255044 L18.425851,25.3421929 L18.0105985,25.4651163 L16.5460067,25.4651163 L16.1066571,25.3421929 L15.9357367,22.255044 L15.7894737,17.6970339 L15.7894737,14.0211467 L15.9357367,10.1739544 L16.0702315,7.80887484 L16.3753664,7.6744186 L18.0105985,7.6744186 Z M25.6140351,4.53488372 L25.6140351,6.97674419 L1.05263158,6.97674419 L1.05263158,4.53488372 L25.6140351,4.53488372 Z M13.0806755,0 L25.9649123,2.93331338 L25.4484139,3.8372093 L0.771925248,3.8372093 L0,3.1041615 L13.0806755,0 Z" id="path-1">
</path>
</mask>
<use class="style-scope primary-nav" fill="#FFFFFF" xlink:href="#path-1">
</use>
<g class="style-scope primary-nav" fill="#FFFFFF" mask="url(#mask-2)">
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Web icon
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An illustration of a computer
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An illustration of an open book.
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Video icon
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Video
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Software
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<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
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Images icon
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An illustration of two photographs.
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Images
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<a class="menu-item donate style-scope media-button" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuDonate" href="/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhmbgrmenu" title="Expand donate menu">
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Donate icon
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<desc class="style-scope media-button" id="donateDescID">
An illustration of a heart shape
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<span class="label style-scope media-button">
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Donate
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<a class="menu-item more style-scope media-button" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuMore" href="/about/" title="Expand more menu">
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<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
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<svg aria-labelledby="ellipsesTitleID ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title class="style-scope media-button" id="ellipsesTitleID">
Ellipses icon
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<desc class="style-scope media-button" id="ellipsesDescID">
An illustration of text ellipses.
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<span class="label style-scope media-button">
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More
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</nav>
</div>
</div>
</media-menu>
<div class="right-side-section style-scope primary-nav">
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<a class="mobile-donate-link style-scope primary-nav" href="/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhrt">
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<svg aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title class="style-scope primary-nav" id="donateTitleID">
Donate icon
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<desc class="style-scope primary-nav" id="donateDescID">
An illustration of a heart shape
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<ia-dropdown-search-bar categories='[
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<login-button class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope login-button-1">
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<svg aria-labelledby="userTitleID userDescID" class="style-scope login-button" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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User icon
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<desc class="style-scope login-button" id="userDescID">
An illustration of a person's head and chest.
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<span class="style-scope login-button">
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="/signup">
Sign up
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|
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="/account/login">
Log in
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<a class="upload style-scope primary-nav" href="/upload">
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<title class="style-scope primary-nav" id="uploadTitleID">
Upload icon
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<desc class="style-scope primary-nav" id="uploadDescID">
An illustration of a horizontal line over an up
pointing arrow.
</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m20 12.8 8 10.4h-4.8v8.8h-6.4v-8.8h-4.8zm12-4.8v3.2h-24v-3.2z" fill-rule="evenodd">
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<span class="style-scope primary-nav">
Upload
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<title class="style-scope primary-nav" id="searchTitleID">
Search icon
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<desc class="style-scope primary-nav" id="searchDescID">
An illustration of a magnifying glass.
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<div class="overflow-clip closed style-scope media-slider">
<div class="information-menu closed style-scope media-slider">
<div class="info-box style-scope media-slider">
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<!---->
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Internet Archive Audio
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<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
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<!---->
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<img class="style-scope media-subnav" loading="lazy" src="/services/img/etree">
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Live Music
Archive
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<!---->
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LibrivoxFreeAudioAudio" href="/details/librivoxaudio">
<img class="style-scope media-subnav" loading="lazy" src="/services/img/librivoxaudio">
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Librivox
Free Audio
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<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Featured
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<!---->
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllAudioAudio" href="/details/audio">
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All Audio
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</li>
<!---->
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GratefulDeadAudio" href="/details/GratefulDead">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Grateful Dead
</a>
</li>
<!---->
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NetlabelsAudio" href="/details/netlabels">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Netlabels
</a>
</li>
<!---->
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldTimeRadioAudio" href="/details/oldtimeradio">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Old Time Radio
</a>
</li>
<!---->
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|78RPMsAndCylinderRecordingsAudio" href="/details/78rpm">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
78 RPMs
and Cylinder Recordings
</a>
</li>
<!---->
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</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Top
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<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
<!---->
<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AudioBooks&PoetryAudio" href="/details/audio_bookspoetry">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Audio Books
& Poetry
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</li>
<!---->
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers,TechnologyAndScienceAudio" href="/details/audio_tech">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Computers,
Technology and Science
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Music, Arts
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsAudio" href="/details/audio_news">
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News &
Public Affairs
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</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionAudio" href="/details/audio_religion">
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Spirituality
& Religion
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PodcastsAudio" href="/details/podcasts">
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Podcasts
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|RadioNewsArchiveAudio" href="/details/radio">
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Radio News
Archive
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<!---->
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<media-subnav class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1" menu="images">
<!---->
<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Images
</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MetropolitanMuseumImages" href="/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery">
<img class="style-scope media-subnav" loading="lazy" src="/services/img/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery">
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Metropolitan Museum
</a>
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Cleveland
Museum of Art
</a>
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</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Featured
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<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllImagesImages" href="/details/image">
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All Images
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Flickr Commons
</a>
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Occupy Wall
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</a>
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Cover Art
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USGS Maps
</a>
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<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Top
</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NASAImagesImages" href="/details/nasa">
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NASA Images
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Solar System
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</a>
</li>
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Ames Research
Center
</a>
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<media-subnav class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1" menu="software">
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<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">
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Software
</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|InternetArcadeSoftware" href="/details/internetarcade">
<img class="style-scope media-subnav" loading="lazy" src="/services/img/internetarcade">
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Internet
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</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ConsoleLivingRoomSoftware" href="/details/consolelivingroom">
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Console Living Room
</a>
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</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Featured
</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllSoftwareSoftware" href="/details/software">
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All Software
</a>
</li>
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldSchoolEmulationSoftware" href="/details/tosec">
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Old School
Emulation
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSGamesSoftware" href="/details/softwarelibrary_msdos_games">
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MS-DOS Games
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|HistoricalSoftwareSoftware" href="/details/historicalsoftware">
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Historical
Software
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClassicPCGamesSoftware" href="/details/classicpcgames">
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Classic PC
Games
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareLibrarySoftware" href="/details/softwarelibrary">
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Software
Library
</a>
</li>
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</ul>
</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Top
</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|KodiArchiveAndSupportFileSoftware" href="/details/kodi_archive">
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Kodi
Archive and Support File
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VintageSoftwareSoftware" href="/details/vintagesoftware">
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Vintage
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</li>
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APK
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MS-DOS
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareSoftware" href="/details/cd-roms">
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CD-ROM
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareLibrarySoftware" href="/details/cdromsoftware">
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CD-ROM
Software Library
</a>
</li>
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Software Sites
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TucowsSoftwareLibrarySoftware" href="/details/tucows">
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Tucows
Software Library
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SharewareCD-ROMsSoftware" href="/details/cdbbsarchive">
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Shareware
CD-ROMs
</a>
</li>
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Software
Capsules Compilation
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMImagesSoftware" href="/details/cdromimages">
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CD-ROM Images
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ZXSpectrumSoftware" href="/details/softwarelibrary_zx_spectrum">
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ZX Spectrum
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DOOMLevelCDSoftware" href="/details/doom-cds">
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DOOM Level CD
</a>
</li>
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<media-subnav class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1" menu="texts">
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<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Texts
</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OpenLibraryTexts" href="https://openlibrary.org/">
<img class="style-scope media-subnav" loading="lazy" src="/images/widgetOL.png">
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Open Library
</a>
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<img class="style-scope media-subnav" loading="lazy" src="/services/img/americana">
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American
Libraries
</a>
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</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Featured
</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllTextsTexts" href="/details/texts">
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All Texts
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SmithsonianLibrariesTexts" href="/details/smithsonian">
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Smithsonian
Libraries
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FEDLINK(US)Texts" href="/details/fedlink">
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FEDLINK (US)
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GenealogyTexts" href="/details/genealogy">
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Genealogy
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LincolnCollectionTexts" href="/details/lincolncollection">
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Lincoln
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Democracy’sLibraryTexts" href="/details/democracys-library">
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Democracy’s Library
</a>
</li>
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</div>
<div class="links top style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Top
</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts" href="/details/americana">
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American
Libraries
</a>
</li>
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Canadian
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|UniversalLibraryTexts" href="/details/universallibrary">
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Universal
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ProjectGutenbergTexts" href="/details/gutenberg">
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Project
Gutenberg
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Children's
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BiodiversityHeritageLibraryTexts" href="/details/biodiversity">
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Biodiversity
Heritage Library
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BooksByLanguageTexts" href="/details/booksbylanguage">
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Books by
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</a>
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Folkscanomy
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GovernmentDocumentsTexts" href="/details/government-documents">
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Government Documents
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<media-subnav class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1" menu="video">
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<h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">
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Video
</h3>
<div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">
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<!---->
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNewsVideo" href="/details/tv">
<img class="style-scope media-subnav" loading="lazy" src="/services/img/tv">
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TV News
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Understanding9/11Video" href="/details/911">
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Understanding
9/11
</a>
<!---->
</div>
<div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav">
<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Featured
</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllVideoVideo" href="/details/movies">
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All Video
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PrelingerArchivesVideo" href="/details/prelinger">
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Prelinger
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</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DemocracyNow!Video" href="/details/democracy_now_vid">
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Democracy Now!
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetVideo" href="/details/occupywallstreet">
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Occupy Wall
Street
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNSAClipLibraryVideo" href="/details/nsa">
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TV NSA Clip
Library
</a>
</li>
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<h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">
Top
</h4>
<ul class="style-scope media-subnav">
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Animation&CartoonsVideo" href="/details/animationandcartoons">
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Animation
& Cartoons
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Arts&MusicVideo" href="/details/artsandmusicvideos">
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Arts & Music
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers&TechnologyVideo" href="/details/computersandtechvideos">
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Computers
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</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Cultural&AcademicFilmsVideo" href="/details/culturalandacademicfilms">
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Cultural
& Academic Films
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|EphemeralFilmsVideo" href="/details/ephemera">
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Ephemeral Films
</a>
</li>
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<li class="style-scope media-subnav">
<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MoviesVideo" href="/details/moviesandfilms">
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Movies
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsVideo" href="/details/newsandpublicaffairs">
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News &
Public Affairs
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionVideo" href="/details/spiritualityandreligion">
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Spirituality
& Religion
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SportsVideosVideo" href="/details/sports">
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Sports Videos
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TelevisionVideo" href="/details/television">
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Television
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VideogameVideosVideo" href="/details/gamevideos">
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Videogame
Videos
</a>
</li>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VlogsVideo" href="/details/vlogs">
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Vlogs
</a>
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<a class="style-scope media-subnav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|YouthMediaVideo" href="/details/youth_media">
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Youth Media
</a>
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<!---->
<wayback-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope wayback-slider-1">
<!---->
<div class="grid style-scope wayback-slider">
<wayback-search class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope wayback-search-1" waybackpagesarchived="1 trillion">
<!---->
<form action="" class="style-scope wayback-search" method="post">
<p class="style-scope wayback-search">
Search the history of more than
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1 trillion
<a class="style-scope wayback-search" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineStatsLink" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/">
web pages
</a>
.
</p>
<fieldset class="style-scope wayback-search">
<a class="style-scope wayback-search" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineLogoLink" href="https://web.archive.org">
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<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="about style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
About
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</a>
</li>
<!---->
<!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="blog style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://blog.archive.org">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Blog
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</a>
</li>
<!---->
<!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="events style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/events">
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Events
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</a>
</li>
<!---->
<!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="projects style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/projects/">
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Projects
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
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</a>
</li>
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<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="help style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/faqs.php">
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Help
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</a>
</li>
<!---->
<!---->
<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="donate style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton">
<!--?lit$49386103$-->
Donate
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<svg aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title class="style-scope desktop-subnav" id="donateTitleID">
Donate icon
</title>
<desc class="style-scope desktop-subnav" id="donateDescID">
An illustration of a heart shape
</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope desktop-subnav" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
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<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="contact style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/contact">
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Contact
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<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="jobs style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/jobs">
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Jobs
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<li class="style-scope desktop-subnav">
<a class="volunteer style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/volunteer-positions">
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Volunteer
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</li>
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</ul>
</desktop-subnav>
<div class="style-scope ia-topnav" id="close-layer">
</div>
</ia-topnav>
</div>
<!-- Begin page content -->
<main id="maincontent">
<div class="container container-ia">
<h1>
Advanced Search
</h1>
<b>
This form allows you to perform an advanced search.
You only need to fill in one field below.
This can be any field.
If you select "not" as your match criteria, you must select one other field.
</b>
<br>
<form class="js-search-check_dates" id="searchForm" method="POST" name="searchForm">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Any field:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="any_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
contains
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="any_field" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Title:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="title_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
contains
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="title_query" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Creator:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="creator_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
contains
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="creator_query" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Description:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="description_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
contains
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="description_query" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Collection:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="collection_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
is
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="collection_query" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Mediatype:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="mediatype_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
is
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<select name="mediatype_query">
<option value="">
All mediatypes
</option>
<option>
texts
</option>
<option>
audio
</option>
<option>
movies
</option>
<option>
web
</option>
<option>
image
</option>
<option>
account
</option>
<option>
data
</option>
<option>
collection
</option>
<option>
software
</option>
<option>
etree
</option>
<option>
other
</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="optional_field1" placeholder="Custom field" type="text">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="optional_field1_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
contains
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
<option value="greater">
is greater than
</option>
<option value="less">
is less than
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="optional_field1_q" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="optional_field2" placeholder="Custom field" type="text">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="optional_field2_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
contains
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
<option value="greater">
is greater than
</option>
<option value="less">
is less than
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="optional_field2_q" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="optional_field3" placeholder="Custom field" type="text">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<select name="optional_field3_type">
<option selected="selected" value="is">
contains
</option>
<option value="not">
does not contain
</option>
<option value="greater">
is greater than
</option>
<option value="less">
is less than
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="optional_field3_q" size="50" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Date:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<select name="date_year">
<option selected="selected">
YYYY
</option>
<option>
2026
</option>
<option>
2025
</option>
<option>
2024
</option>
<option>
2023
</option>
<option>
2022
</option>
<option>
2021
</option>
<option>
2020
</option>
<option>
2019
</option>
<option>
2018
</option>
<option>
2017
</option>
<option>
2016
</option>
<option>
2015
</option>
<option>
2014
</option>
<option>
2013
</option>
<option>
2012
</option>
<option>
2011
</option>
<option>
2010
</option>
<option>
2009
</option>
<option>
2008
</option>
<option>
2007
</option>
<option>
2006
</option>
<option>
2005
</option>
<option>
2004
</option>
<option>
2003
</option>
<option>
2002
</option>
<option>
2001
</option>
<option>
2000
</option>
<option>
1999
</option>
<option>
1998
</option>
<option>
1997
</option>
<option>
1996
</option>
<option>
1995
</option>
<option>
1994
</option>
<option>
1993
</option>
<option>
1992
</option>
<option>
1991
</option>
<option>
1990
</option>
<option>
1989
</option>
<option>
1988
</option>
<option>
1987
</option>
<option>
1986
</option>
<option>
1985
</option>
<option>
1984
</option>
<option>
1983
</option>
<option>
1982
</option>
<option>
1981
</option>
<option>
1980
</option>
<option>
1979
</option>
<option>
1978
</option>
<option>
1977
</option>
<option>
1976
</option>
<option>
1975
</option>
<option>
1974
</option>
<option>
1973
</option>
<option>
1972
</option>
<option>
1971
</option>
<option>
1970
</option>
<option>
1969
</option>
<option>
1968
</option>
<option>
1967
</option>
<option>
1966
</option>
<option>
1965
</option>
<option>
1964
</option>
<option>
1963
</option>
<option>
1962
</option>
<option>
1961
</option>
<option>
1960
</option>
<option>
1959
</option>
<option>
1958
</option>
<option>
1957
</option>
<option>
1956
</option>
<option>
1955
</option>
<option>
1954
</option>
<option>
1953
</option>
<option>
1952
</option>
<option>
1951
</option>
<option>
1950
</option>
<option>
1949
</option>
<option>
1948
</option>
<option>
1947
</option>
<option>
1946
</option>
<option>
1945
</option>
<option>
1944
</option>
<option>
1943
</option>
<option>
1942
</option>
<option>
1941
</option>
<option>
1940
</option>
<option>
1939
</option>
<option>
1938
</option>
<option>
1937
</option>
<option>
1936
</option>
<option>
1935
</option>
<option>
1934
</option>
<option>
1933
</option>
<option>
1932
</option>
<option>
1931
</option>
<option>
1930
</option>
<option>
1929
</option>
<option>
1928
</option>
<option>
1927
</option>
<option>
1926
</option>
<option>
1925
</option>
<option>
1924
</option>
<option>
1923
</option>
<option>
1922
</option>
<option>
1921
</option>
<option>
1920
</option>
<option>
1919
</option>
<option>
1918
</option>
<option>
1917
</option>
<option>
1916
</option>
<option>
1915
</option>
<option>
1914
</option>
<option>
1913
</option>
<option>
1912
</option>
<option>
1911
</option>
<option>
1910
</option>
<option>
1909
</option>
<option>
1908
</option>
<option>
1907
</option>
<option>
1906
</option>
<option>
1905
</option>
<option>
1904
</option>
<option>
1903
</option>
<option>
1902
</option>
<option>
1901
</option>
<option>
1900
</option>
<option>
1899
</option>
<option>
1898
</option>
<option>
1897
</option>
<option>
1896
</option>
<option>
1895
</option>
<option>
1894
</option>
<option>
1893
</option>
<option>
1892
</option>
<option>
1891
</option>
<option>
1890
</option>
<option>
1889
</option>
<option>
1888
</option>
<option>
1887
</option>
<option>
1886
</option>
<option>
1885
</option>
<option>
1884
</option>
<option>
1883
</option>
<option>
1882
</option>
<option>
1881
</option>
<option>
1880
</option>
<option>
1879
</option>
<option>
1878
</option>
<option>
1877
</option>
<option>
1876
</option>
<option>
1875
</option>
<option>
1874
</option>
<option>
1873
</option>
<option>
1872
</option>
<option>
1871
</option>
<option>
1870
</option>
<option>
1869
</option>
<option>
1868
</option>
<option>
1867
</option>
<option>
1866
</option>
<option>
1865
</option>
<option>
1864
</option>
<option>
1863
</option>
<option>
1862
</option>
<option>
1861
</option>
<option>
1860
</option>
<option>
1859
</option>
<option>
1858
</option>
<option>
1857
</option>
<option>
1856
</option>
<option>
1855
</option>
<option>
1854
</option>
<option>
1853
</option>
<option>
1852
</option>
<option>
1851
</option>
<option>
1850
</option>
<option>
1849
</option>
<option>
1848
</option>
<option>
1847
</option>
<option>
1846
</option>
<option>
1845
</option>
<option>
1844
</option>
<option>
1843
</option>
<option>
1842
</option>
<option>
1841
</option>
<option>
1840
</option>
<option>
1839
</option>
<option>
1838
</option>
<option>
1837
</option>
<option>
1836
</option>
<option>
1835
</option>
<option>
1834
</option>
<option>
1833
</option>
<option>
1832
</option>
<option>
1831
</option>
<option>
1830
</option>
<option>
1829
</option>
<option>
1828
</option>
<option>
1827
</option>
<option>
1826
</option>
<option>
1825
</option>
<option>
1824
</option>
<option>
1823
</option>
<option>
1822
</option>
<option>
1821
</option>
<option>
1820
</option>
<option>
1819
</option>
<option>
1818
</option>
<option>
1817
</option>
<option>
1816
</option>
<option>
1815
</option>
<option>
1814
</option>
<option>
1813
</option>
<option>
1812
</option>
<option>
1811
</option>
<option>
1810
</option>
<option>
1809
</option>
<option>
1808
</option>
<option>
1807
</option>
<option>
1806
</option>
<option>
1805
</option>
<option>
1804
</option>
<option>
1803
</option>
<option>
1802
</option>
<option>
1801
</option>
<option>
1800
</option>
</select>
<select name="date_month">
<option selected="selected">
MM
</option>
<option>
01
</option>
<option>
02
</option>
<option>
03
</option>
<option>
04
</option>
<option>
05
</option>
<option>
06
</option>
<option>
07
</option>
<option>
08
</option>
<option>
09
</option>
<option>
10
</option>
<option>
11
</option>
<option>
12
</option>
</select>
<select name="date_day">
<option selected="selected">
DD
</option>
<option>
01
</option>
<option>
02
</option>
<option>
03
</option>
<option>
04
</option>
<option>
05
</option>
<option>
06
</option>
<option>
07
</option>
<option>
08
</option>
<option>
09
</option>
<option>
10
</option>
<option>
11
</option>
<option>
12
</option>
<option>
13
</option>
<option>
14
</option>
<option>
15
</option>
<option>
16
</option>
<option>
17
</option>
<option>
18
</option>
<option>
19
</option>
<option>
20
</option>
<option>
21
</option>
<option>
22
</option>
<option>
23
</option>
<option>
24
</option>
<option>
25
</option>
<option>
26
</option>
<option>
27
</option>
<option>
28
</option>
<option>
29
</option>
<option>
30
</option>
<option>
31
</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-1">
AND
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
Date range:
</div>
<div class="col-sm-7">
<select name="date_from_year">
<option selected="selected">
YYYY
</option>
<option>
2026
</option>
<option>
2025
</option>
<option>
2024
</option>
<option>
2023
</option>
<option>
2022
</option>
<option>
2021
</option>
<option>
2020
</option>
<option>
2019
</option>
<option>
2018
</option>
<option>
2017
</option>
<option>
2016
</option>
<option>
2015
</option>
<option>
2014
</option>
<option>
2013
</option>
<option>
2012
</option>
<option>
2011
</option>
<option>
2010
</option>
<option>
2009
</option>
<option>
2008
</option>
<option>
2007
</option>
<option>
2006
</option>
<option>
2005
</option>
<option>
2004
</option>
<option>
2003
</option>
<option>
2002
</option>
<option>
2001
</option>
<option>
2000
</option>
<option>
1999
</option>
<option>
1998
</option>
<option>
1997
</option>
<option>
1996
</option>
<option>
1995
</option>
<option>
1994
</option>
<option>
1993
</option>
<option>
1992
</option>
<option>
1991
</option>
<option>
1990
</option>
<option>
1989
</option>
<option>
1988
</option>
<option>
1987
</option>
<option>
1986
</option>
<option>
1985
</option>
<option>
1984
</option>
<option>
1983
</option>
<option>
1982
</option>
<option>
1981
</option>
<option>
1980
</option>
<option>
1979
</option>
<option>
1978
</option>
<option>
1977
</option>
<option>
1976
</option>
<option>
1975
</option>
<option>
1974
</option>
<option>
1973
</option>
<option>
1972
</option>
<option>
1971
</option>
<option>
1970
</option>
<option>
1969
</option>
<option>
1968
</option>
<option>
1967
</option>
<option>
1966
</option>
<option>
1965
</option>
<option>
1964
</option>
<option>
1963
</option>
<option>
1962
</option>
<option>
1961
</option>
<option>
1960
</option>
<option>
1959
</option>
<option>
1958
</option>
<option>
1957
</option>
<option>
1956
</option>
<option>
1955
</option>
<option>
1954
</option>
<option>
1953
</option>
<option>
1952
</option>
<option>
1951
</option>
<option>
1950
</option>
<option>
1949
</option>
<option>
1948
</option>
<option>
1947
</option>
<option>
1946
</option>
<option>
1945
</option>
<option>
1944
</option>
<option>
1943
</option>
<option>
1942
</option>
<option>
1941
</option>
<option>
1940
</option>
<option>
1939
</option>
<option>
1938
</option>
<option>
1937
</option>
<option>
1936
</option>
<option>
1935
</option>
<option>
1934
</option>
<option>
1933
</option>
<option>
1932
</option>
<option>
1931
</option>
<option>
1930
</option>
<option>
1929
</option>
<option>
1928
</option>
<option>
1927
</option>
<option>
1926
</option>
<option>
1925
</option>
<option>
1924
</option>
<option>
1923
</option>
<option>
1922
</option>
<option>
1921
</option>
<option>
1920
</option>
<option>
1919
</option>
<option>
1918
</option>
<option>
1917
</option>
<option>
1916
</option>
<option>
1915
</option>
<option>
1914
</option>
<option>
1913
</option>
<option>
1912
</option>
<option>
1911
</option>
<option>
1910
</option>
<option>
1909
</option>
<option>
1908
</option>
<option>
1907
</option>
<option>
1906
</option>
<option>
1905
</option>
<option>
1904
</option>
<option>
1903
</option>
<option>
1902
</option>
<option>
1901
</option>
<option>
1900
</option>
<option>
1899
</option>
<option>
1898
</option>
<option>
1897
</option>
<option>
1896
</option>
<option>
1895
</option>
<option>
1894
</option>
<option>
1893
</option>
<option>
1892
</option>
<option>
1891
</option>
<option>
1890
</option>
<option>
1889
</option>
<option>
1888
</option>
<option>
1887
</option>
<option>
1886
</option>
<option>
1885
</option>
<option>
1884
</option>
<option>
1883
</option>
<option>
1882
</option>
<option>
1881
</option>
<option>
1880
</option>
<option>
1879
</option>
<option>
1878
</option>
<option>
1877
</option>
<option>
1876
</option>
<option>
1875
</option>
<option>
1874
</option>
<option>
1873
</option>
<option>
1872
</option>
<option>
1871
</option>
<option>
1870
</option>
<option>
1869
</option>
<option>
1868
</option>
<option>
1867
</option>
<option>
1866
</option>
<option>
1865
</option>
<option>
1864
</option>
<option>
1863
</option>
<option>
1862
</option>
<option>
1861
</option>
<option>
1860
</option>
<option>
1859
</option>
<option>
1858
</option>
<option>
1857
</option>
<option>
1856
</option>
<option>
1855
</option>
<option>
1854
</option>
<option>
1853
</option>
<option>
1852
</option>
<option>
1851
</option>
<option>
1850
</option>
<option>
1849
</option>
<option>
1848
</option>
<option>
1847
</option>
<option>
1846
</option>
<option>
1845
</option>
<option>
1844
</option>
<option>
1843
</option>
<option>
1842
</option>
<option>
1841
</option>
<option>
1840
</option>
<option>
1839
</option>
<option>
1838
</option>
<option>
1837
</option>
<option>
1836
</option>
<option>
1835
</option>
<option>
1834
</option>
<option>
1833
</option>
<option>
1832
</option>
<option>
1831
</option>
<option>
1830
</option>
<option>
1829
</option>
<option>
1828
</option>
<option>
1827
</option>
<option>
1826
</option>
<option>
1825
</option>
<option>
1824
</option>
<option>
1823
</option>
<option>
1822
</option>
<option>
1821
</option>
<option>
1820
</option>
<option>
1819
</option>
<option>
1818
</option>
<option>
1817
</option>
<option>
1816
</option>
<option>
1815
</option>
<option>
1814
</option>
<option>
1813
</option>
<option>
1812
</option>
<option>
1811
</option>
<option>
1810
</option>
<option>
1809
</option>
<option>
1808
</option>
<option>
1807
</option>
<option>
1806
</option>
<option>
1805
</option>
<option>
1804
</option>
<option>
1803
</option>
<option>
1802
</option>
<option>
1801
</option>
<option>
1800
</option>
</select>
<select name="date_from_month">
<option selected="selected">
MM
</option>
<option>
01
</option>
<option>
02
</option>
<option>
03
</option>
<option>
04
</option>
<option>
05
</option>
<option>
06
</option>
<option>
07
</option>
<option>
08
</option>
<option>
09
</option>
<option>
10
</option>
<option>
11
</option>
<option>
12
</option>
</select>
<select name="date_from_day">
<option selected="selected">
DD
</option>
<option>
01
</option>
<option>
02
</option>
<option>
03
</option>
<option>
04
</option>
<option>
05
</option>
<option>
06
</option>
<option>
07
</option>
<option>
08
</option>
<option>
09
</option>
<option>
10
</option>
<option>
11
</option>
<option>
12
</option>
<option>
13
</option>
<option>
14
</option>
<option>
15
</option>
<option>
16
</option>
<option>
17
</option>
<option>
18
</option>
<option>
19
</option>
<option>
20
</option>
<option>
21
</option>
<option>
22
</option>
<option>
23
</option>
<option>
24
</option>
<option>
25
</option>
<option>
26
</option>
<option>
27
</option>
<option>
28
</option>
<option>
29
</option>
<option>
30
</option>
<option>
31
</option>
</select>
TO
<select name="date_to_year">
<option selected="selected">
YYYY
</option>
<option>
2026
</option>
<option>
2025
</option>
<option>
2024
</option>
<option>
2023
</option>
<option>
2022
</option>
<option>
2021
</option>
<option>
2020
</option>
<option>
2019
</option>
<option>
2018
</option>
<option>
2017
</option>
<option>
2016
</option>
<option>
2015
</option>
<option>
2014
</option>
<option>
2013
</option>
<option>
2012
</option>
<option>
2011
</option>
<option>
2010
</option>
<option>
2009
</option>
<option>
2008
</option>
<option>
2007
</option>
<option>
2006
</option>
<option>
2005
</option>
<option>
2004
</option>
<option>
2003
</option>
<option>
2002
</option>
<option>
2001
</option>
<option>
2000
</option>
<option>
1999
</option>
<option>
1998
</option>
<option>
1997
</option>
<option>
1996
</option>
<option>
1995
</option>
<option>
1994
</option>
<option>
1993
</option>
<option>
1992
</option>
<option>
1991
</option>
<option>
1990
</option>
<option>
1989
</option>
<option>
1988
</option>
<option>
1987
</option>
<option>
1986
</option>
<option>
1985
</option>
<option>
1984
</option>
<option>
1983
</option>
<option>
1982
</option>
<option>
1981
</option>
<option>
1980
</option>
<option>
1979
</option>
<option>
1978
</option>
<option>
1977
</option>
<option>
1976
</option>
<option>
1975
</option>
<option>
1974
</option>
<option>
1973
</option>
<option>
1972
</option>
<option>
1971
</option>
<option>
1970
</option>
<option>
1969
</option>
<option>
1968
</option>
<option>
1967
</option>
<option>
1966
</option>
<option>
1965
</option>
<option>
1964
</option>
<option>
1963
</option>
<option>
1962
</option>
<option>
1961
</option>
<option>
1960
</option>
<option>
1959
</option>
<option>
1958
</option>
<option>
1957
</option>
<option>
1956
</option>
<option>
1955
</option>
<option>
1954
</option>
<option>
1953
</option>
<option>
1952
</option>
<option>
1951
</option>
<option>
1950
</option>
<option>
1949
</option>
<option>
1948
</option>
<option>
1947
</option>
<option>
1946
</option>
<option>
1945
</option>
<option>
1944
</option>
<option>
1943
</option>
<option>
1942
</option>
<option>
1941
</option>
<option>
1940
</option>
<option>
1939
</option>
<option>
1938
</option>
<option>
1937
</option>
<option>
1936
</option>
<option>
1935
</option>
<option>
1934
</option>
<option>
1933
</option>
<option>
1932
</option>
<option>
1931
</option>
<option>
1930
</option>
<option>
1929
</option>
<option>
1928
</option>
<option>
1927
</option>
<option>
1926
</option>
<option>
1925
</option>
<option>
1924
</option>
<option>
1923
</option>
<option>
1922
</option>
<option>
1921
</option>
<option>
1920
</option>
<option>
1919
</option>
<option>
1918
</option>
<option>
1917
</option>
<option>
1916
</option>
<option>
1915
</option>
<option>
1914
</option>
<option>
1913
</option>
<option>
1912
</option>
<option>
1911
</option>
<option>
1910
</option>
<option>
1909
</option>
<option>
1908
</option>
<option>
1907
</option>
<option>
1906
</option>
<option>
1905
</option>
<option>
1904
</option>
<option>
1903
</option>
<option>
1902
</option>
<option>
1901
</option>
<option>
1900
</option>
<option>
1899
</option>
<option>
1898
</option>
<option>
1897
</option>
<option>
1896
</option>
<option>
1895
</option>
<option>
1894
</option>
<option>
1893
</option>
<option>
1892
</option>
<option>
1891
</option>
<option>
1890
</option>
<option>
1889
</option>
<option>
1888
</option>
<option>
1887
</option>
<option>
1886
</option>
<option>
1885
</option>
<option>
1884
</option>
<option>
1883
</option>
<option>
1882
</option>
<option>
1881
</option>
<option>
1880
</option>
<option>
1879
</option>
<option>
1878
</option>
<option>
1877
</option>
<option>
1876
</option>
<option>
1875
</option>
<option>
1874
</option>
<option>
1873
</option>
<option>
1872
</option>
<option>
1871
</option>
<option>
1870
</option>
<option>
1869
</option>
<option>
1868
</option>
<option>
1867
</option>
<option>
1866
</option>
<option>
1865
</option>
<option>
1864
</option>
<option>
1863
</option>
<option>
1862
</option>
<option>
1861
</option>
<option>
1860
</option>
<option>
1859
</option>
<option>
1858
</option>
<option>
1857
</option>
<option>
1856
</option>
<option>
1855
</option>
<option>
1854
</option>
<option>
1853
</option>
<option>
1852
</option>
<option>
1851
</option>
<option>
1850
</option>
<option>
1849
</option>
<option>
1848
</option>
<option>
1847
</option>
<option>
1846
</option>
<option>
1845
</option>
<option>
1844
</option>
<option>
1843
</option>
<option>
1842
</option>
<option>
1841
</option>
<option>
1840
</option>
<option>
1839
</option>
<option>
1838
</option>
<option>
1837
</option>
<option>
1836
</option>
<option>
1835
</option>
<option>
1834
</option>
<option>
1833
</option>
<option>
1832
</option>
<option>
1831
</option>
<option>
1830
</option>
<option>
1829
</option>
<option>
1828
</option>
<option>
1827
</option>
<option>
1826
</option>
<option>
1825
</option>
<option>
1824
</option>
<option>
1823
</option>
<option>
1822
</option>
<option>
1821
</option>
<option>
1820
</option>
<option>
1819
</option>
<option>
1818
</option>
<option>
1817
</option>
<option>
1816
</option>
<option>
1815
</option>
<option>
1814
</option>
<option>
1813
</option>
<option>
1812
</option>
<option>
1811
</option>
<option>
1810
</option>
<option>
1809
</option>
<option>
1808
</option>
<option>
1807
</option>
<option>
1806
</option>
<option>
1805
</option>
<option>
1804
</option>
<option>
1803
</option>
<option>
1802
</option>
<option>
1801
</option>
<option>
1800
</option>
</select>
<select name="date_to_month">
<option selected="selected">
MM
</option>
<option>
01
</option>
<option>
02
</option>
<option>
03
</option>
<option>
04
</option>
<option>
05
</option>
<option>
06
</option>
<option>
07
</option>
<option>
08
</option>
<option>
09
</option>
<option>
10
</option>
<option>
11
</option>
<option>
12
</option>
</select>
<select name="date_to_day">
<option selected="selected">
DD
</option>
<option>
01
</option>
<option>
02
</option>
<option>
03
</option>
<option>
04
</option>
<option>
05
</option>
<option>
06
</option>
<option>
07
</option>
<option>
08
</option>
<option>
09
</option>
<option>
10
</option>
<option>
11
</option>
<option>
12
</option>
<option>
13
</option>
<option>
14
</option>
<option>
15
</option>
<option>
16
</option>
<option>
17
</option>
<option>
18
</option>
<option>
19
</option>
<option>
20
</option>
<option>
21
</option>
<option>
22
</option>
<option>
23
</option>
<option>
24
</option>
<option>
25
</option>
<option>
26
</option>
<option>
27
</option>
<option>
28
</option>
<option>
29
</option>
<option>
30
</option>
<option>
31
</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<center>
<input name="submitted" type="hidden" value="true">
<input class="btn btn-archive" type="submit" value="Search">
</center>
</form>
<br>
<br>
<a name="raw">
</a>
<h1>
Advanced Search returning JSON, XML, and more
</h1>
<form class="js-search-verify_rawform" id="rawform" name="rawform">
This will return results in the format of your choice.
<br>
Query:
<input class="form-control input-sm" name="q" size="50" style="max-width:400px" type="text" value="magda.nl_0113">
<br>
<div style="margin-left:75px; float:left;">
Fields to return (pick one or more):
<br>
<select multiple="multiple" name="fl[]" size="42">
<option>
avg_rating
</option>
<option>
backup_location
</option>
<option>
btih
</option>
<option>
call_number
</option>
<option>
collection
</option>
<option>
contributor
</option>
<option>
coverage
</option>
<option>
creator
</option>
<option>
date
</option>
<option>
description
</option>
<option>
downloads
</option>
<option>
external-identifier
</option>
<option>
foldoutcount
</option>
<option>
format
</option>
<option>
genre
</option>
<option selected="selected">
identifier
</option>
<option>
imagecount
</option>
<option>
indexflag
</option>
<option>
item_size
</option>
<option>
language
</option>
<option>
licenseurl
</option>
<option>
mediatype
</option>
<option>
members
</option>
<option>
month
</option>
<option>
name
</option>
<option>
noindex
</option>
<option>
num_reviews
</option>
<option>
oai_updatedate
</option>
<option>
publicdate
</option>
<option>
publisher
</option>
<option>
related-external-id
</option>
<option>
reviewdate
</option>
<option>
rights
</option>
<option>
scanningcentre
</option>
<option>
source
</option>
<option>
stripped_tags
</option>
<option>
subject
</option>
<option>
title
</option>
<option>
type
</option>
<option>
volume
</option>
<option>
week
</option>
<option>
year
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div style="float:left; text-align:right;">
(optional) Sort results by:
<br>
<select name="sort[]" style="margin-left:75px;">
<option>
</option>
<option>
identifierSorter desc
</option>
<option>
identifierSorter asc
</option>
<option>
mediatypeSorter desc
</option>
<option>
mediatypeSorter asc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorter desc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorter asc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorterRaw desc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorterRaw asc
</option>
<option>
firstCreator desc
</option>
<option>
firstCreator asc
</option>
<option>
subjectSorter desc
</option>
<option>
subjectSorter asc
</option>
<option>
titleSorter desc
</option>
<option>
titleSorter asc
</option>
<option>
titleSorterRaw desc
</option>
<option>
titleSorterRaw asc
</option>
<option>
firstTitle desc
</option>
<option>
firstTitle asc
</option>
<option>
languageSorter desc
</option>
<option>
languageSorter asc
</option>
<option>
programSorter desc
</option>
<option>
programSorter asc
</option>
<option>
sponsorSorter desc
</option>
<option>
sponsorSorter asc
</option>
<option>
personSorter desc
</option>
<option>
personSorter asc
</option>
<option>
searchCollectionsSorter desc
</option>
<option>
searchCollectionsSorter asc
</option>
<option>
uploaderSorter desc
</option>
<option>
uploaderSorter asc
</option>
<option>
identifier desc
</option>
<option>
identifier asc
</option>
<option>
mediatype desc
</option>
<option>
mediatype asc
</option>
<option>
call_number desc
</option>
<option>
call_number asc
</option>
<option>
licenseurl desc
</option>
<option>
licenseurl asc
</option>
<option>
scandate desc
</option>
<option>
scandate asc
</option>
<option>
nonideal desc
</option>
<option>
nonideal asc
</option>
<option>
random desc
</option>
<option>
random asc
</option>
<option>
__number_processed desc
</option>
<option>
__number_processed asc
</option>
<option>
nav_order desc
</option>
<option>
nav_order asc
</option>
<option>
num_reviews desc
</option>
<option>
num_reviews asc
</option>
<option>
num_favorites desc
</option>
<option>
num_favorites asc
</option>
<option>
imagecount desc
</option>
<option>
imagecount asc
</option>
<option>
foldoutcount desc
</option>
<option>
foldoutcount asc
</option>
<option>
stars desc
</option>
<option>
stars asc
</option>
<option>
item_count desc
</option>
<option>
item_count asc
</option>
<option>
displayed_item_count desc
</option>
<option>
displayed_item_count asc
</option>
<option>
files_count desc
</option>
<option>
files_count asc
</option>
<option>
item_size desc
</option>
<option>
item_size asc
</option>
<option>
collection_size desc
</option>
<option>
collection_size asc
</option>
<option>
collection_files_count desc
</option>
<option>
collection_files_count asc
</option>
<option>
review_count desc
</option>
<option>
review_count asc
</option>
<option>
downloads desc
</option>
<option>
downloads asc
</option>
<option>
week desc
</option>
<option>
week asc
</option>
<option>
month desc
</option>
<option>
month asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_new desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_new asc
</option>
<option>
week_new desc
</option>
<option>
week_new asc
</option>
<option>
month_new desc
</option>
<option>
month_new asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
month_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
month_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
week_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
week_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_classic desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_classic asc
</option>
<option>
week_classic desc
</option>
<option>
week_classic asc
</option>
<option>
month_classic desc
</option>
<option>
month_classic asc
</option>
<option>
boxid_count desc
</option>
<option>
boxid_count asc
</option>
<option>
slip_order desc
</option>
<option>
slip_order asc
</option>
<option>
year desc
</option>
<option>
year asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__field_count desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__field_count asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_md desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_md asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_se desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_se asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__any desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__any asc
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<option>
analytics__features__flagged desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__flagged asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__collection desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__collection asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__user desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__user asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__data desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__data asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__open desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__open asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maker_version desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maker_version asc
</option>
<option>
loans__status__max_lendable_copies desc
</option>
<option>
loans__status__max_lendable_copies asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_loans desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_loans asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__made_for_es_version desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__made_for_es_version asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime_elapsed_ms desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime_elapsed_ms asc
</option>
<option>
subject_count desc
</option>
<option>
subject_count asc
</option>
<option>
lending___max_lendable_copies desc
</option>
<option>
lending___max_lendable_copies asc
</option>
<option>
lending___users_on_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___users_on_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___copies_reserved_for_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___copies_reserved_for_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_borrows desc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_borrows asc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_browses desc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_browses asc
</option>
<option>
__sort desc
</option>
<option>
__sort asc
</option>
<option>
__random desc
</option>
<option>
__random asc
</option>
<option>
avg_rating desc
</option>
<option>
avg_rating asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_have_data_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_have_data_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
trk_coherent desc
</option>
<option>
trk_coherent asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__parsed_date_service_succeeded desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__parsed_date_service_succeeded asc
</option>
<option>
has_items_with_searchable_text desc
</option>
<option>
has_items_with_searchable_text asc
</option>
<option>
date_is_uncertain desc
</option>
<option>
date_is_uncertain asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_borrow desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_borrow asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_browse desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_browse asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_lendable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_lendable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_printdisabled desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_printdisabled asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_borrowable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_borrowable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_browsable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_browsable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_readable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_readable asc
</option>
<option>
addeddate desc
</option>
<option>
addeddate asc
</option>
<option>
createdate desc
</option>
<option>
createdate asc
</option>
<option>
date desc
</option>
<option>
date asc
</option>
<option>
indexdate desc
</option>
<option>
indexdate asc
</option>
<option>
oai_updatedate desc
</option>
<option>
oai_updatedate asc
</option>
<option>
publicdate desc
</option>
<option>
publicdate asc
</option>
<option>
reviewdate desc
</option>
<option>
reviewdate asc
</option>
<option>
ribbon_state_modify_date desc
</option>
<option>
ribbon_state_modify_date asc
</option>
<option>
updatedate desc
</option>
<option>
updatedate asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_loan_date desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_loan_date asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_waitlist_date desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_waitlist_date asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime asc
</option>
<option>
external_metadata_update desc
</option>
<option>
external_metadata_update asc
</option>
<option>
metadata_audit_date desc
</option>
<option>
metadata_audit_date asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_update_date_views_api desc
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<option>
downloads_update_date_views_api asc
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<option>
date_range_end desc
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<option>
date_range_end asc
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<option>
date_created_range_end desc
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<option>
date_created_range_end asc
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<option>
date_last_flagged desc
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<option>
date_last_flagged asc
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<option>
date_last_flagged_porn desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_porn asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_violence desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_violence asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_data desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_data asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_scam desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_scam asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_disinformation desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_disinformation asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_hate_speech desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_hate_speech asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_spam desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_spam asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_metadata desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_metadata asc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_borrow desc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_borrow asc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_browse desc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_browse asc
</option>
<option>
lending___borrow_expiration desc
</option>
<option>
lending___borrow_expiration asc
</option>
<option>
lending___browse_expiration desc
</option>
<option>
lending___browse_expiration asc
</option>
<option>
lending___state_change desc
</option>
<option>
lending___state_change asc
</option>
<option>
lending___status_timestamp desc
</option>
<option>
lending___status_timestamp asc
</option>
<option>
lending___expire_date desc
</option>
<option>
lending___expire_date asc
</option>
</select>
<br>
<select name="sort[]" style="margin-left:75px;">
<option>
</option>
<option>
identifierSorter desc
</option>
<option>
identifierSorter asc
</option>
<option>
mediatypeSorter desc
</option>
<option>
mediatypeSorter asc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorter desc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorter asc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorterRaw desc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorterRaw asc
</option>
<option>
firstCreator desc
</option>
<option>
firstCreator asc
</option>
<option>
subjectSorter desc
</option>
<option>
subjectSorter asc
</option>
<option>
titleSorter desc
</option>
<option>
titleSorter asc
</option>
<option>
titleSorterRaw desc
</option>
<option>
titleSorterRaw asc
</option>
<option>
firstTitle desc
</option>
<option>
firstTitle asc
</option>
<option>
languageSorter desc
</option>
<option>
languageSorter asc
</option>
<option>
programSorter desc
</option>
<option>
programSorter asc
</option>
<option>
sponsorSorter desc
</option>
<option>
sponsorSorter asc
</option>
<option>
personSorter desc
</option>
<option>
personSorter asc
</option>
<option>
searchCollectionsSorter desc
</option>
<option>
searchCollectionsSorter asc
</option>
<option>
uploaderSorter desc
</option>
<option>
uploaderSorter asc
</option>
<option>
identifier desc
</option>
<option>
identifier asc
</option>
<option>
mediatype desc
</option>
<option>
mediatype asc
</option>
<option>
call_number desc
</option>
<option>
call_number asc
</option>
<option>
licenseurl desc
</option>
<option>
licenseurl asc
</option>
<option>
scandate desc
</option>
<option>
scandate asc
</option>
<option>
nonideal desc
</option>
<option>
nonideal asc
</option>
<option>
random desc
</option>
<option>
random asc
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<option>
__number_processed desc
</option>
<option>
__number_processed asc
</option>
<option>
nav_order desc
</option>
<option>
nav_order asc
</option>
<option>
num_reviews desc
</option>
<option>
num_reviews asc
</option>
<option>
num_favorites desc
</option>
<option>
num_favorites asc
</option>
<option>
imagecount desc
</option>
<option>
imagecount asc
</option>
<option>
foldoutcount desc
</option>
<option>
foldoutcount asc
</option>
<option>
stars desc
</option>
<option>
stars asc
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<option>
item_count desc
</option>
<option>
item_count asc
</option>
<option>
displayed_item_count desc
</option>
<option>
displayed_item_count asc
</option>
<option>
files_count desc
</option>
<option>
files_count asc
</option>
<option>
item_size desc
</option>
<option>
item_size asc
</option>
<option>
collection_size desc
</option>
<option>
collection_size asc
</option>
<option>
collection_files_count desc
</option>
<option>
collection_files_count asc
</option>
<option>
review_count desc
</option>
<option>
review_count asc
</option>
<option>
downloads desc
</option>
<option>
downloads asc
</option>
<option>
week desc
</option>
<option>
week asc
</option>
<option>
month desc
</option>
<option>
month asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_new desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_new asc
</option>
<option>
week_new desc
</option>
<option>
week_new asc
</option>
<option>
month_new desc
</option>
<option>
month_new asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
month_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
month_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
week_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
week_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_classic desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_classic asc
</option>
<option>
week_classic desc
</option>
<option>
week_classic asc
</option>
<option>
month_classic desc
</option>
<option>
month_classic asc
</option>
<option>
boxid_count desc
</option>
<option>
boxid_count asc
</option>
<option>
slip_order desc
</option>
<option>
slip_order asc
</option>
<option>
year desc
</option>
<option>
year asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__field_count desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__field_count asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_md desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_md asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_se desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_se asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__any desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__any asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__flagged desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__flagged asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__collection desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__collection asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__user desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__user asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__data desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__data asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__open desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__open asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maker_version desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maker_version asc
</option>
<option>
loans__status__max_lendable_copies desc
</option>
<option>
loans__status__max_lendable_copies asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_loans desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_loans asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__made_for_es_version desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__made_for_es_version asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime_elapsed_ms desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime_elapsed_ms asc
</option>
<option>
subject_count desc
</option>
<option>
subject_count asc
</option>
<option>
lending___max_lendable_copies desc
</option>
<option>
lending___max_lendable_copies asc
</option>
<option>
lending___users_on_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___users_on_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___copies_reserved_for_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___copies_reserved_for_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_borrows desc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_borrows asc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_browses desc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_browses asc
</option>
<option>
__sort desc
</option>
<option>
__sort asc
</option>
<option>
__random desc
</option>
<option>
__random asc
</option>
<option>
avg_rating desc
</option>
<option>
avg_rating asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_have_data_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_have_data_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
trk_coherent desc
</option>
<option>
trk_coherent asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__parsed_date_service_succeeded desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__parsed_date_service_succeeded asc
</option>
<option>
has_items_with_searchable_text desc
</option>
<option>
has_items_with_searchable_text asc
</option>
<option>
date_is_uncertain desc
</option>
<option>
date_is_uncertain asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_borrow desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_borrow asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_browse desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_browse asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_lendable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_lendable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_printdisabled desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_printdisabled asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_borrowable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_borrowable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_browsable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_browsable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_readable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_readable asc
</option>
<option>
addeddate desc
</option>
<option>
addeddate asc
</option>
<option>
createdate desc
</option>
<option>
createdate asc
</option>
<option>
date desc
</option>
<option>
date asc
</option>
<option>
indexdate desc
</option>
<option>
indexdate asc
</option>
<option>
oai_updatedate desc
</option>
<option>
oai_updatedate asc
</option>
<option>
publicdate desc
</option>
<option>
publicdate asc
</option>
<option>
reviewdate desc
</option>
<option>
reviewdate asc
</option>
<option>
ribbon_state_modify_date desc
</option>
<option>
ribbon_state_modify_date asc
</option>
<option>
updatedate desc
</option>
<option>
updatedate asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_loan_date desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_loan_date asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_waitlist_date desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_waitlist_date asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime asc
</option>
<option>
external_metadata_update desc
</option>
<option>
external_metadata_update asc
</option>
<option>
metadata_audit_date desc
</option>
<option>
metadata_audit_date asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_update_date_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_update_date_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
date_range_end desc
</option>
<option>
date_range_end asc
</option>
<option>
date_created_range_end desc
</option>
<option>
date_created_range_end asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_porn desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_porn asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_violence desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_violence asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_data desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_data asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_scam desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_scam asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_disinformation desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_disinformation asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_hate_speech desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_hate_speech asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_spam desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_spam asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_metadata desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_metadata asc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_borrow desc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_borrow asc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_browse desc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_browse asc
</option>
<option>
lending___borrow_expiration desc
</option>
<option>
lending___borrow_expiration asc
</option>
<option>
lending___browse_expiration desc
</option>
<option>
lending___browse_expiration asc
</option>
<option>
lending___state_change desc
</option>
<option>
lending___state_change asc
</option>
<option>
lending___status_timestamp desc
</option>
<option>
lending___status_timestamp asc
</option>
<option>
lending___expire_date desc
</option>
<option>
lending___expire_date asc
</option>
</select>
<br>
<select name="sort[]" style="margin-left:75px;">
<option>
</option>
<option>
identifierSorter desc
</option>
<option>
identifierSorter asc
</option>
<option>
mediatypeSorter desc
</option>
<option>
mediatypeSorter asc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorter desc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorter asc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorterRaw desc
</option>
<option>
creatorSorterRaw asc
</option>
<option>
firstCreator desc
</option>
<option>
firstCreator asc
</option>
<option>
subjectSorter desc
</option>
<option>
subjectSorter asc
</option>
<option>
titleSorter desc
</option>
<option>
titleSorter asc
</option>
<option>
titleSorterRaw desc
</option>
<option>
titleSorterRaw asc
</option>
<option>
firstTitle desc
</option>
<option>
firstTitle asc
</option>
<option>
languageSorter desc
</option>
<option>
languageSorter asc
</option>
<option>
programSorter desc
</option>
<option>
programSorter asc
</option>
<option>
sponsorSorter desc
</option>
<option>
sponsorSorter asc
</option>
<option>
personSorter desc
</option>
<option>
personSorter asc
</option>
<option>
searchCollectionsSorter desc
</option>
<option>
searchCollectionsSorter asc
</option>
<option>
uploaderSorter desc
</option>
<option>
uploaderSorter asc
</option>
<option>
identifier desc
</option>
<option>
identifier asc
</option>
<option>
mediatype desc
</option>
<option>
mediatype asc
</option>
<option>
call_number desc
</option>
<option>
call_number asc
</option>
<option>
licenseurl desc
</option>
<option>
licenseurl asc
</option>
<option>
scandate desc
</option>
<option>
scandate asc
</option>
<option>
nonideal desc
</option>
<option>
nonideal asc
</option>
<option>
random desc
</option>
<option>
random asc
</option>
<option>
__number_processed desc
</option>
<option>
__number_processed asc
</option>
<option>
nav_order desc
</option>
<option>
nav_order asc
</option>
<option>
num_reviews desc
</option>
<option>
num_reviews asc
</option>
<option>
num_favorites desc
</option>
<option>
num_favorites asc
</option>
<option>
imagecount desc
</option>
<option>
imagecount asc
</option>
<option>
foldoutcount desc
</option>
<option>
foldoutcount asc
</option>
<option>
stars desc
</option>
<option>
stars asc
</option>
<option>
item_count desc
</option>
<option>
item_count asc
</option>
<option>
displayed_item_count desc
</option>
<option>
displayed_item_count asc
</option>
<option>
files_count desc
</option>
<option>
files_count asc
</option>
<option>
item_size desc
</option>
<option>
item_size asc
</option>
<option>
collection_size desc
</option>
<option>
collection_size asc
</option>
<option>
collection_files_count desc
</option>
<option>
collection_files_count asc
</option>
<option>
review_count desc
</option>
<option>
review_count asc
</option>
<option>
downloads desc
</option>
<option>
downloads asc
</option>
<option>
week desc
</option>
<option>
week asc
</option>
<option>
month desc
</option>
<option>
month asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_new desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_new asc
</option>
<option>
week_new desc
</option>
<option>
week_new asc
</option>
<option>
month_new desc
</option>
<option>
month_new asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
month_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
month_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
week_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
week_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_classic desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_classic asc
</option>
<option>
week_classic desc
</option>
<option>
week_classic asc
</option>
<option>
month_classic desc
</option>
<option>
month_classic asc
</option>
<option>
boxid_count desc
</option>
<option>
boxid_count asc
</option>
<option>
slip_order desc
</option>
<option>
slip_order asc
</option>
<option>
year desc
</option>
<option>
year asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__field_count desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__field_count asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_md desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_md asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_se desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__doc_size_se asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__any desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__any asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__flagged desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__flagged asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__collection desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__collection asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__user desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__user asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__data desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__data asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__open desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__features__open asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maker_version desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maker_version asc
</option>
<option>
loans__status__max_lendable_copies desc
</option>
<option>
loans__status__max_lendable_copies asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_loans desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.num_loans asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__made_for_es_version desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__made_for_es_version asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime_elapsed_ms desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime_elapsed_ms asc
</option>
<option>
subject_count desc
</option>
<option>
subject_count asc
</option>
<option>
lending___max_lendable_copies desc
</option>
<option>
lending___max_lendable_copies asc
</option>
<option>
lending___users_on_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___users_on_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___copies_reserved_for_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___copies_reserved_for_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_borrows desc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_borrows asc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_browses desc
</option>
<option>
lending___active_browses asc
</option>
<option>
__sort desc
</option>
<option>
__sort asc
</option>
<option>
__random desc
</option>
<option>
__random asc
</option>
<option>
avg_rating desc
</option>
<option>
avg_rating asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_have_data_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_have_data_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
trk_coherent desc
</option>
<option>
trk_coherent asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__parsed_date_service_succeeded desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__parsed_date_service_succeeded asc
</option>
<option>
has_items_with_searchable_text desc
</option>
<option>
has_items_with_searchable_text asc
</option>
<option>
date_is_uncertain desc
</option>
<option>
date_is_uncertain asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_borrow desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_borrow asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_browse desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_browse asc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_waitlist desc
</option>
<option>
lending___available_to_waitlist asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_lendable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_lendable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_printdisabled desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_printdisabled asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_borrowable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_borrowable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_browsable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_browsable asc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_readable desc
</option>
<option>
lending___is_readable asc
</option>
<option>
addeddate desc
</option>
<option>
addeddate asc
</option>
<option>
createdate desc
</option>
<option>
createdate asc
</option>
<option>
date desc
</option>
<option>
date asc
</option>
<option>
indexdate desc
</option>
<option>
indexdate asc
</option>
<option>
oai_updatedate desc
</option>
<option>
oai_updatedate asc
</option>
<option>
publicdate desc
</option>
<option>
publicdate asc
</option>
<option>
reviewdate desc
</option>
<option>
reviewdate asc
</option>
<option>
ribbon_state_modify_date desc
</option>
<option>
ribbon_state_modify_date asc
</option>
<option>
updatedate desc
</option>
<option>
updatedate asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_loan_date desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_loan_date asc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_waitlist_date desc
</option>
<option>
/loans.status.last_waitlist_date asc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime desc
</option>
<option>
analytics__maketime asc
</option>
<option>
external_metadata_update desc
</option>
<option>
external_metadata_update asc
</option>
<option>
metadata_audit_date desc
</option>
<option>
metadata_audit_date asc
</option>
<option>
downloads_update_date_views_api desc
</option>
<option>
downloads_update_date_views_api asc
</option>
<option>
date_range_end desc
</option>
<option>
date_range_end asc
</option>
<option>
date_created_range_end desc
</option>
<option>
date_created_range_end asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_porn desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_porn asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_violence desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_violence asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_data desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_data asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_scam desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_scam asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_disinformation desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_disinformation asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_hate_speech desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_hate_speech asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_spam desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_spam asc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_metadata desc
</option>
<option>
date_last_flagged_bad_metadata asc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_borrow desc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_borrow asc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_browse desc
</option>
<option>
lending___last_browse asc
</option>
<option>
lending___borrow_expiration desc
</option>
<option>
lending___borrow_expiration asc
</option>
<option>
lending___browse_expiration desc
</option>
<option>
lending___browse_expiration asc
</option>
<option>
lending___state_change desc
</option>
<option>
lending___state_change asc
</option>
<option>
lending___status_timestamp desc
</option>
<option>
lending___status_timestamp asc
</option>
<option>
lending___expire_date desc
</option>
<option>
lending___expire_date asc
</option>
</select>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Number of results:
<br>
<input class="form-control input-sm pull-right" id="numresults" maxlength="7" name="rows" size="7" style="width:50px;" type="text" value="50">
<br clear="right">
<span>
Page:
<br>
<input class="form-control input-sm pull-right" name="page" size="3" style="width:50px;" type="text" value="1">
</span>
<br clear="right">
<br>
<table border="1" class="table table-striped table-condensed table-hover table-bordered">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
JSON format:
</td>
<td>
<input checked="checked" name="output" type="radio" value="json">
<input name="callback" type="hidden" value="callback">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
XML format:
<br>
save to file:
<input checked="checked" name="save" type="checkbox" value="yes">
</td>
<td>
<input name="output" type="radio" value="xml">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HTML table:
</td>
<td>
<input name="output" type="radio" value="tables">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CSV format:
<br>
<a class="js-search-csv-help" href="/about/javascript-required.htm" style="text-decoration:italic; font-size:80%; margin-right:20px;">
(show/hide help)
</a>
</td>
<td>
<input id="csvpick" name="output" type="radio" value="csv">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
RSS format:
<br>
<small>
("Fields to return" ignored)
</small>
</td>
<td>
<input name="output" type="radio" value="rss">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<input class="btn btn-archive" type="submit" value="Search">
<br>
<br>
</div>
<br clear="both">
<h2>
Help with CSV and Excel
<a class="js-search-csv-help" href="/about/javascript-required.htm" style="font-size:80%">
(show/hide help)
</a>
</h2>
<b>
Instructions for using the advanced search engine to create reports for
items pertaining to books...
</b>
<div id="csvhelp" style="display:none;">
<p>
If a contributing library wished to see how many pages were digitized in the month of August 2008,
here is how this would be done.
</p>
go to archive.org
<br>
click on Go!
<br>
click on "advanced search"
<br>
look half way down the page to the "advanced XML Search" window.
<br>
Type into the "Query" field-
"contributor:(library of congress) AND publicdate:[2008-08-01 TO 2008-08-30]"
<br>
<h4>
Important:
</h4>
<ul>
<li>
No " " required. Must have "()" around contributor name.
</li>
<li>
No spaces after ":"
</li>
</ul>
By holding down the "Shift" Key, highlight the fields you want to
eventually have exported to excel. For example-
"date, identifier, imagecount and title"
<br>
Click the radio button for "CSV"
<br>
Hit "search". There might be a small delay as the search is executed.
In this query, approx. 2143 results will be returned.
<br>
When prompted, save the ".csv" file to your hard drive and note
the location saved.
<br>
Open Excel and open the previously saved ".csv" file.
It will parse the data into columns and you now will be able to sort,
sum, or otherwise manipulate the data.
<br>
</div>
<h2>
Notes
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
You can try constructing a search query and hitting "Search" in the top "Advanced Search" section
and then coming "back" to this section to copy that query into the "Query:" box.
</li>
<li>
"downloads" is the number of downloads for content in an item
</li>
<li>
"month" is the number of downloads in the last 30 days
</li>
<li>
"week" is the number of downloads in the last 7 days
</li>
<li>
We have a
<b>
known bug
</b>
in our site
<b>
with using " TO " in things like titles/descriptions
</b>
.
If you run into a problem and need to use " TO ",
use it lowercase and you will avoid this bug.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
Dates and ranges
</h2>
The following dates can be used for range queries:
<ul>
<li>
addeddate
</li>
<li>
createdate
</li>
<li>
date
</li>
<li>
indexdate
</li>
<li>
publicdate
</li>
<li>
reviewdate
</li>
<li>
ribbon_state_modify_date
</li>
<li>
updatedate
</li>
</ul>
The special date field, "oai_updatedate",
can be used to mean all of the following dates combined:
<ul>
<li>
addeddate
</li>
<li>
indexdate
</li>
<li>
publicdate
</li>
<li>
reviewdate
</li>
<li>
updatedate
</li>
</ul>
The rationale for "oai_updatedate" date merging is to allow something like
the
<a href="http://www.openarchives.org/">
Open Archives Initiative
</a>
protocol get time-sortable lists of updated or added items.
<ul>
<li>
addededate -- should be time the item was initially added to archive
</li>
<li>
indexdate -- should be last time item had a change that updated our search engine
</li>
<li>
publicdate -- should be, for *most* items,
the time after its first derive is done (ie: has "public formats" for a /details/ page)
</li>
<li>
reviewdate -- updated to be the most recent time of all reviews
(updated on new reviews and review changes)
</li>
<li>
updatedate -- mostly the time of the last /editxml/ page submit for an item
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<br>
Example date ranges:
<code>
updatedate:[2007 TO 2008]
</code>
<code>
createdate:[2007-02-01 TO 2007-02-11]
</code>
<br>
<br>
For dates like "sponsordate" that are not able to do ranges,
they can still use * wildcards, for example:
<code>
sponsordate:200802*
</code>
<br>
<h2>
Example queries
</h2>
<code>
<a href="/advancedsearch.php?q=publicdate:[2008-02-01 TO 2008-03-01] AND contributor:smithsonian#raw">
publicdate:[2008-02-01 TO 2008-03-01] AND contributor:smithsonian
</a>
</code>
<code>
<a href="/advancedsearch.php?q=sponsordate:200802* AND mediatype:texts#raw">
sponsordate:200802* AND mediatype:texts
</a>
</code>
<code>
<a href="/advancedsearch.php?q=indexdate:[2008-02-01T00:12:00Z TO 2008-03-01T00:23:59Z]#raw">
indexdate:[2008-02-01T00:12:00Z TO 2008-03-01T00:23:59Z]
</a>
</code>
</form>
<!-- Explanation of how the Search Engine works -->
<h1>
Explanation of Terms, Operators, Queries, and Grouping
</h1>
<b>
Here, you will find an explanation on how the syntax to the search engine works.
</b>
<br>
<br>
Our site uses a query syntax like the
<a href="https://lucene.apache.org/core/2_9_4/queryparsersyntax.html">
lucene query syntax
</a>
from the
<b>
Apache Lucene
</b>
opensource search engine.
A briefer explanation of the syntax follows.
<br>
<br>
<b>
Terms:
</b>
<br>
The search engine supports two types of terms, single terms and phrases.
<br>
A single term is a single word such as "test" or "hello".
<br>
A phrase is a group of words such as "duck and cover".
<br>
<br>
<b>
Field Specific queries:
</b>
<br>
If you want to restrict your search to a specific part of the metadata, you
can append in front the term a Field Shortcut, such as:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value='title:"Duck and Cover"'>
<br>
will look for "Duck and Cover" only in the title of
the items. For more information on Field Shortcuts, see section about Field
Shortcuts Expansion
<br>
NOTE: searching in only a restricted set is better than using the default set
for two reasons:
<ol>
<li>
it’s much faster
</li>
<li>
the results are much more relevant
</li>
</ol>
<br>
<b>
Boolean Operators:
</b>
<br>
By default, the operator is AND, which means that the query:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="test hello">
<br>
is exactly similar to test AND hello, which means that documents containing
the term "test" AND the term "hello" will be returned.
<br>
The query:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="test OR hello">
<br>
will return documents either containing the term "test" OR the term "hello".
The query:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="test AND NOT hello">
<br>
will return documents that contain the term "test" but not the term "hello"
NOTE: using the NOT operator, be sure to supply at least one term without
the NOT, or search will fail (the query NOT test is not valid).
<br>
<br>
<b>
Range Queries:
</b>
<br>
range queries allow you to search for documents whose field match values in
between two bounds, for example:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="downloads:[1000 TO 2000]">
<br>
will return items whose download count is between 1000 and 2000.
using [] will include the bounds in the search, and () will exclude the
bounds from the search If you don’t want to specify a bound,
you can use the special keyword "null":
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="downloads:[10000 TO null]">
<br>
will search for items with more that 10000
downloads.
<br>
<br>
<b>
Grouping:
</b>
<br>
The search engine supports using parentheses to group clauses to form
subqueries, for example:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="(cat OR dog) AND furry">
<br>
you can also use this feature within a field:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="title:(dog OR cat)">
<br>
<br>
<b>
Fuzzy Queries:
</b>
<br>
If you are not sure how to spell a word you can ask the search engine to try
to figure it out for you. To do this, append a ~ after the term to apply it
on, for example:
<br>
<input readonly="readonly" size="25" value="buttonwood~">
<br>
will find the words buttonwood, as well as
cottonwood and buttonware.
NOTE: this query involves a lot of computing, so use it wisely and expect to
wait a little for results to come in!
<br>
<br>
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